Testosterone or estrogen replacements induce a similar profile of gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus of gonadectomized rats. (2A) The Venn diagram represents the genes uniquely regulated by testosterone replacement (left section, 1 327 genes), estradiol replacement (right section, 1 209 genes), or commonly regulated by both treatments (intersection, 2 302 genes). Only the genes with a minimum fold-change of 1.5 were considered. (2B) Heatmap representation of hierarchical clustering of gene expression levels. Rats receiving testosterone (GDX+T) or estradiol (GDX+E) replacements exhibit a similar profile of regulation compared to gonadectomized animals treated with a placebo pellet (GDX).