Figure 2. Age-specific cumulative risk of LRRK2 G2019S PD in male and female first-degree relatives.

(A) Estimated age-specific risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in male LRRK2 G2019S carriers (solid red line) and male noncarriers (solid black line) and their confidence intervals (dashed lines). Estimation obtained from 1,151 first-degree male relatives of 448 probands using kin-cohort methods¹⁵ under a Cox proportional hazards model. The hazard ratio of LRRK2 G2019S mutation was estimated to be 1.55. (B) Estimated age-specific risk of PD in female LRRK2 G2019S carriers (solid red line) and female noncarriers (solid black line) and their confidence intervals (dashed lines). Estimation obtained from 1,115 first-degree female relatives of 436 probands using kin-cohort methods¹⁵ under a Cox proportional hazards model. The hazard ratio of LRRK2 G2019S mutation was estimated to be 5.03.