Table 4.

Regression results for the financial burden due to OOP payments

	Probit	SSM 11 , OLS	2 PM 12 , OLS
Variables	Burden > 0	Total burden	Total burden
Age 50-591	−0.10	−0.22**	−0.21**
	(0.118)	(0.097)	(0.1)
Age 60-69	0.00	−0.04	−0.05
	(0.118)	(0.094)	(0.092)
Age 70-79	0.06	−0.02	−0.02
	(0.130)	(0.103)	(0.103)
Men2	−0.14**	−0.03	−0.05
	(0.062)	(0.052)	(0.052)
1. Quintile3	−0.23**	1.94***	1.96***
	(0.104)	(0.100)	(0.100)
2. Quintile	−0.08	1.34***	1.39***
	(0.104)	(0.096)	(0.093)
3. Quintile	0.17	1.01***	1.07***
	(0.110)	(0.096)	(0.091)
4. Quintile	0.01	0.65***	0.67***
	(0.102)	(0.121)	(0.078)
1-2 chronic diseases4	0.61***	0.56***	0.57***
	(0.069)	(0.065)	(0.064)
≥3 chronic diseases	0.67***	0.92***	0.93***
	(0.104)	(0.084)	(0.083)
1-2 acute health problems5	0.13*	−0.02	−0.01
	(0.065)	(0.056)	(0.057)
≥3 acute health problems	−0.08	−0.18**	−0.18**
	(0.096)	(0.071)	(0.074)
Depressive Symptoms6	0.17*	0.21***	0.23***
	(0.076)	(0.059)	(0.059)
ADL7	0.08	0.65***	0.66***
	(0.132)	(0.091)	(0.095)
SAH < good8	0.24**	0.37***	0.39***
	(0.077)	(0.060)	(0.057)
Low education9	−0.04	−0.25**	−0.26**
	(0.104)	(0.085)	(0.087)
Intermediate education	0.02	−0.21***	−0.23***
	(0.071)	(0.062)	(0.063)
SHI10	0.76***	−0.55***	−0.53***
	(0.084)	(0.092)	(0.093)
Constant	−0.00	−6.49***	−6.52***
	(0.195)	(0.202)	(0.168)
N	2851	2851	2498
Pseudo R2	0.130
Likelihood Ratio Chi2	350.64
Prob > chi2	0.000
Wald chi2(18)		1488.57
Prob > chi2		0.000
Adj. R2			0.395
F (18, 2832)			86.72
Prob > F			0.000

Reference categories: ¹Age > 80 ²Women ³5. Quintile ⁴no chronic diseases ⁵no acute health problems ⁶no depressive symptoms ⁷no limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) ⁸self-assessed health (SAH) ≥ good ⁹high education ¹⁰privately insured ¹¹Sample-Selection Model ¹²Two-Part Model.

Standard errors in parentheses.

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.