Table 1 .

Description of antibiotics used in this study

Antibiotic	Administration	Class	Mechanism	Target
Ampicillin	Ad libitum in drinking water, 5 days	β-Lactam, penicillin	Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis	Gram-positive or -negative bacteria
Cefoperazone	Ad libitum in drinking water, 5 days	β-Lactam, cephalosporin	Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis	Gram-positive or -negative bacteria
Ciprofloxacin	Oral gavage, one time	Fluoroquinolone	Inhibits DNA gyrase	Gram-positive or -negative bacteria
Clindamycin	Intraperitoneal injection, one time	Lincosamide	Inhibits protein synthesis	Anaerobes
Metronidazole	Ad libitum in drinking water, 5 days	Nitromidazole	Destabilizes bacterial DNA	Anaerobes
Streptomycin	Ad libitum in drinking water, 5 days	Aminoglycoside	Inhibits protein synthesis	Gram-positive or -negative bacteria
Vancomycin	Ad libitum in drinking water, 5 days	Glycopeptide	Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis	Gram-positive bacteria