AMPH exerts a bidirectional and dose-dependent effect on task-phase separation in neural state space. A, State-space projections onto the three maximal discriminant coordinates (DC) derived from the optimally expanded space in an animal treated with 1.0 mg/kg. B, Same as A for an animal treated with 3.3 mg/kg AMPH. C, SEs by task condition: relative to SAL injection, SEs decrease significantly after the 1.0 mg/kg AMPH dose but increase after the 3.3 mg/kg AMPH dose in the optimally expanded spaces. *p < 0.03, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test.