Table I.
Parent Procedural Knowledge Controlling for Baseline Knowledge
| Knowledge | Control (M, SD) | Distraction (M, SD) | Training (M, SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distracting | |||
| Postprocedure | 77.60 (24.21) | 76.23 (22.15) | 81.89 (27.34) |
| Follow-up | 73.08 (22.98) | 74.05 (19.95) | 74.16 (28.95) |
| Praising | |||
| Postprocedure | 84.48 (15.82)ax | 73.20 (25.37)b | 87.67 (12.10)ax |
| Follow-up | 72.48 (23.16)y | 74.85 (20.21) | 69.44 (24.23)y |
| Using humor | |||
| Postprocedure | 77.42 (17.87) | 69.76 (25.38) | 74.89 (22.39) |
| Follow-up | 72.08 (20.30) | 74.00 (15.62) | 76.37 (18.01) |
| Playing | |||
| Postprocedure | 77.38 (17.94) | 68.90 (15.76) | 74.74 (21.70) |
| Follow-up | 77.71 (15.76) | 72.57 (17.38) | 81.42 (18.59) |
| Reassuring | |||
| Postprocedure | 11.32 (9.50)a | 25.52 (28.88)bx | 42.68 (32.29)cx |
| Follow-up | 14.36 (13.87)a | 14.52 (10.18)ay | 25.63 (23.81)by |
| Providing information | |||
| Postprocedure | 43.28 (29.43)a | 36.71 (20.05)a | 62.21 (31.63)bx |
| Follow-up | 35.56 (29.00)a | 29.24 (21.14)a | 49.21 (33.76)by |
| Apologizing | |||
| Postprocedure | 61.96 (25.80)a | 54.81 (23.22)a | 77.05 (21.83)b |
| Follow-up | 57.92 (26.70)a | 60.90 (20.28)a | 73.68 (20.89)b |
| Criticizing | |||
| Postprocedure | 83.60 (24.40) | 80.43 (31.56)x | 88.47 (14.20) |
| Follow-up | 88.52 (18.22) | 89.67 (8.94)y | 90.58 (8.47) |
Note. Subscripts and superscripts indicate significant differences at p ≤ .05. Means in the same row that do not share subscripts indicate significant differences. Means in the same column that do not share superscripts indicate significant differences. Higher response values infer higher knowledge.