Table 2.
Distributions of EQ-5D-5L dimension, index and VAS scores by survey language
| Survey language | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Level of problems | Total (n = 729) | English (n = 311) | Chinese (n = 200) | Malay (n = 218) | p valuea |
| Dimension score, n (%) | ||||||
| Mobility | No | 539 (73.9) | 238 (76.5) | 152 (76.0) | 149 (68.4) | 0.054 |
| Slight | 104 (14.3) | 43 (13.8) | 29 (14.5) | 32 (14.7) | ||
| Moderate | 55 (7.5) | 16 (5.1) | 12 (6.0) | 27 (12.4) | ||
| Severe | 21 (2.9) | 10 (3.2) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (3.2) | ||
| Unable | 10 (1.4) | 4 (1.3) | 3 (1.5) | 3 (1.4) | ||
| Self-care | No | 624 (85.6) | 272 (87.5) | 169 (84.5) | 183 (83.9) | 0.363 |
| Slight | 58 (8.0) | 27 (8.7) | 16 (8.0) | 15 (6.9) | ||
| Moderate | 30 (4.1) | 8 (2.6) | 10 (5.0) | 12 (5.5) | ||
| Severe | 15 (2.1) | 4 (1.3) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (3.2) | ||
| Unable | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | ||
| Usual activities | No | 570 (78.2) | 248 (79.7) | 155 (77.5) | 167 (76.6) | 0.486 |
| Slight | 97 (13.3) | 47 (15.1) | 22 (11.0) | 28 (12.8) | ||
| Moderate | 45 (6.2) | 11 (3.5) | 18 (9.0) | 16 (7.3) | ||
| Severe | 11 (1.5) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (1.5) | 6 (2.8) | ||
| Unable | 6 (0.8) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | ||
| Pain/discomfort | No | 415 (57.0) | 184 (59.2) | 104 (52.3) | 127 (58.3) | 0.270 |
| Slight | 222 (30.5) | 89 (28.6) | 67 (33.7) | 66 (30.1) | ||
| Moderate | 70 (9.6) | 31 (10.0) | 19 (9.6) | 20 (9.2) | ||
| Severe | 16 (2.2) | 6 (1.9) | 6 (3.0) | 4 (1.8) | ||
| Extreme | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.5) | 1 (0.5) | ||
| Anxiety/depression | Not | 497 (68.4) | 221 (71.1) | 128 (64.7) | 148 (67.9) | 0.216 |
| Slightly | 175 (24.1) | 75 (24.1) | 52 (26.3) | 48 (22.0) | ||
| Moderately | 42 (5.8) | 11 (3.5) | 15 (7.6) | 16 (7.3) | ||
| Severely | 10 (1.4) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (1.0) | 4 (1.8) | ||
| Extremely | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| Index score, mean (SD) | 0.84 (0.22) | 0.85 (0.20) | 0.82 (0.23) | 0.83 (0.22) | 0.264 | |
| EQ-VAS score, mean (SD) | 78.07 (17.65) | 75.46 (18.46) | 78.00 (18.33) | 81.85 (15.04) | < 0.001 | |
EQ-5D-5L 5-level EQ-5D; EQ-VAS EQ-visual analog scale; SD standard deviation
aThe Kruskal-Wallis test was used for dimension scores and the ANOVA test for index and VAS scores