Table 6.
—Factors Associated With Mediastinal Sampling Being Performed in Patients With NSCLC
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
| Variables | Mediastinal Sampling Performed, % | Crude OR (95% CI) | P Value | Crude OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Patient age, y | |||||
| 66-70 | 61.3 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| 71-75 | 59.2 | 0.91 (0.83-1.00) | .051 | 0.91 (0.83-1.01) | .0654 |
| 76-80 | 53.3 | 0.72 (0.65-0.79) | < .0001 | 0.69 (0.62-0.76) | < .0001 |
| > 80 | 42.0 | 0.46 (0.41-0.51) | < .0001 | 0.43 (0.38-0.49) | < .0001 |
| Patient sex | |||||
| Male | 55.2 | Reference | … | … | … |
| Female | 56.8 | 1.07 (1.00-1.15) | .0647 | … | … |
| Patient race | |||||
| White | 57.0 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Hispanic | 53.8 | 0.88 (0.74-1.04) | .1274 | 0.97 (0.81-1.17) | .7573 |
| Black | 43.6 | 0.58 (0.51-0.67) | < .0001 | 0.66 (0.56-0.78) | < .0001 |
| Other | 57.1 | 1.00 (0.83-1.21) | .9774 | 1.05 (0.83-1.33) | .6899 |
| Urban/rural | |||||
| Big metro | 57.2 | Reference | … | … | … |
| Metro | 55.6 | 0.94 (0.86-1.02) | .1135 | … | … |
| Urban | 52.7 | 0.83 (0.72-0.96) | .0116 | … | … |
| Less urban | 52.2 | 0.82 (0.72-0.92) | .0012 | … | … |
| Rural | 53.9 | 0.88 (0.68-1.13) | .2995 | … | … |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| 1995 | 67.0 | Reference | … | … | … |
| 1996 | 63.8 | 0.87 (0.65-1.16) | .3361 | … | … |
| 1997 | 65.5 | 0.94 (0.69-1.26) | .6583 | … | … |
| 1998 | 61.3 | 0.78 (0.58-1.05) | .0977 | … | … |
| 1999 | 65.2 | 0.92 (0.67-1.27) | .6221 | … | … |
| 2000 | 61.3 | 0.78 (0.61-1.00) | .0537 | … | … |
| 2001 | 55.3 | 0.61 (0.48-0.77) | < .0001 | … | … |
| 2002 | 54.9 | 0.60 (0.47-0.76) | < .0001 | … | … |
| 2003 | 54.1 | 0.58 (0.46-0.73) | < .0001 | … | … |
| 2004 | 53.5 | 0.57 (0.45-0.71) | < .0001 | … | … |
| 2005 | 53.1 | 0.56 (0.44-0.70) | < .0001 | … | … |
| 2006 | 52.8 | 0.55 (0.44-0.70) | < .0001 | … | … |
| 2007 | 53.2 | 0.56 (0.44-0.71) | < .0001 | … | … |
| SEER/TCR region | |||||
| California | 58.9 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Atlanta and rural Georgia | 50.6 | 0.72 (0.58-0.88) | .0019 | 0.73 (0.57-0.92) | .0073 |
| Connecticut | 65.8 | 1.34 (1.14-1.57) | .0003 | 1.31 (1.09-1.58) | .0043 |
| Detroit | 60.0 | 1.05 (0.91-1.21) | .5442 | 0.92 (0.76-1.11) | .3831 |
| Hawaii | 50.0 | 0.70 (0.52-0.95) | .0209 | 0.65 (0.45-0.95) | .0245 |
| Iowa | 54.8 | 0.85 (0.73-0.99) | .036 | 0.93 (0.75-1.15) | .4957 |
| Kentucky | 51.5 | 0.74 (0.64-0.86) | .0001 | 0.74 (0.61-0.91) | .0033 |
| Louisiana | 40.5 | 0.48 (0.40-0.56) | < .0001 | 0.59 (0.48-0.72) | < .0001 |
| New Jersey | 58.8 | 1.00 (0.87-1.14) | .9424 | 1.17 (0.99-1.38) | .058 |
| New Mexico | 59.9 | 1.04 (0.76-1.42) | .7909 | 1.05 (0.74-1.51) | .7725 |
| Seattle | 59.1 | 1.01 (0.83-1.22) | .9209 | 1.19 (0.94-1.49) | .1436 |
| Texas | 52.9 | 0.79 (0.70-0.88) | < .0001 | 1.22 (1.06-1.41) | .0061 |
| Utah | 63.5 | 1.21 (0.82-1.79) | .3266 | 1.25 (0.84-1.85) | .2657 |
| % Povertya | |||||
| ≤ 4.76% | 60.4 | Reference | … | … | … |
| 4.77-9.07 | 57.0 | 0.87 (0.79-0.97) | .0083 | … | … |
| 9.08-16.53 | 54.3 | 0.78 (0.71-0.87) | < .0001 | … | … |
| > 16.53 | 49.6 | 0.65 (0.58-0.72) | < .0001 | … | … |
| Unknown | 67.4 | 1.36 (1.11-1.66) | .0035 | … | … |
| % Non-high schoola | |||||
| ≤ 10.09 | 60.6 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| 10.1-17.18 | 56.6 | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | .0015 | 0.87 (0.78-0.97) | .0132 |
| 17.19-27.8 | 54.0 | 0.76 (0.69-0.85) | < .0001 | 0.83 (0.74-0.92) | .0009 |
| > 27.85 | 50.2 | 0.66 (0.59-0.73) | < .0001 | 0.8 (0.71-0.91) | .0003 |
| Unknown | 67.4 | 1.34 (1.10-1.65) | .0045 | 1.04 (0.60-1.80) | .8982 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| 0 | 59.6 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| 1 | 54.8 | 0.82 (0.76-0.89) | < .0001 | 0.83 (0.76-0.90) | < .0001 |
| 2+ | 48.1 | 0.63 (0.57-0.69) | < .0001 | 0.65 (0.59-0.72) | < .0001 |
| T stages | |||||
| T1/T0 | 69.6 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| T2 | 56.4 | 0.56 (0.51-0.62) | < .0001 | 0.61 (0.55-0.68) | < .0001 |
| T3 | 35.8 | 0.24 (0.21-0.28) | < .0001 | 0.28 (0.24-0.32) | < .0001 |
| Unknown | 48.8 | 0.42 (0.37-0.47) | < .0001 | 0.38 (0.33-0.43) | < .0001 |
| Physician sex | |||||
| Male | 55.6 | Reference | … | … | … |
| Female | 49.3 | 0.78 (0.67-0.90) | .0007 | … | … |
| Unknown | 61.6 | 1.28 (1.15-1.44) | < .0001 | … | … |
| Physician graduation year | |||||
| Prior to 1980 | 56.1 | Reference | … | … | … |
| 1980-1989 | 54.8 | 0.95 (0.87-1.03) | .199 | … | … |
| 1990+ | 52.9 | 0.88 (0.79-0.98) | .02 | … | … |
| Unknown | 61.6 | 1.26 (1.12-1.41) | .0002 | … | … |
| Trained in the United States | |||||
| Yes | 56.4 | Reference | … | … | … |
| No | 52.0 | 0.84 (0.77-0.91) | < .0001 | … | … |
| Unknown | 61.0 | 1.21 (1.07-1.37) | .0024 | … | … |
| Degree | |||||
| MD | 55.7 | Reference | … | … | … |
| DO | 48.4 | 0.75 (0.63-0.89) | .0009 | … | … |
| Unknown | 61.0 | 1.25 (1.10-1.41) | .0004 | … | … |
| Total No. of patients | |||||
| 1 | 53.2 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| 2-5 | 56.2 | 1.13 (1.03-1.23) | .0095 | 1.08 (0.96-1.20) | .1941 |
| 6-10 | 57.8 | 1.21 (1.09-1.33) | .0003 | 1.22 (1.06-1.39) | .0048 |
| > 10 | 57.6 | 1.19 (1.07-1.33) | .0016 | 1.04 (0.87-1.24) | .6748 |
| Specialty of physicianb | |||||
| Pulmonary | 50.5 | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Internal medicine | 49.0 | 0.94 (0.86-1.03) | .2046 | 0.98 (0.88-1.10) | .7499 |
| General surgery | 64.4 | 1.78 (1.51-2.09) | < .0001 | 1.82 (1.48-2.25) | < .0001 |
| Thoracic surgery | 84.3 | 5.25 (4.59-6.01) | < .0001 | 4.68 (3.98-5.50) | < .0001 |
| Other | 40.0 | 0.65 (0.53-0.80) | < .0001 | 0.66 (0.53-0.83) | .0004 |
| Unknown | 54.5 | 1.17 (1.01-1.36) | .036 | 1.08 (0.91-1.29) | .3589 |
See Table 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
a
% Poverty and % without a high school education is the percentage of people living in that patient’s census tract living below the poverty level or with that level of education.
b
Refers to the physician who ordered or performed the first invasive diagnostic test. For bronchoscopy and surgical procedures, this was the physician performing the procedure. For CT scan-guided biopsy, this was the referring physician. Internal medicine includes family practice and all subspecialties of internal medicine other than oncology and pulmonary medicine physicians. Surgery includes all subspecialties of surgery other than thoracic or cardiothoracic surgery. Thoracic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery are included under thoracic surgery.