Figure 7.

VacA activates noncanonical LC3 lipidation. (A) Western blot analysis of LC3 in wild-type, atg13^−/− and atg5^−/− MEFs treated with NH₄Cl (5 mM), VacA (10 μM) or both for 2 h. Quantification of LC3-II/LC3-I graphed below. (B) Western blot analysis of LC3 in atg13^−/− MEFs treated with Baf (100 nM), NH₄Cl (5 mM) + VacA (10 μM) or Baf + NH₄Cl + VacA for 2 h. Quantification of LC3-II/LC3-I graphed below. (C) Confocal images of differential interference contrast and GFP-LC3 in atg13^−/− MEFs treated with NH₄Cl (5 mM) + VacA (10 μM) or Baf + NH₄Cl + VacA for 2 h. Arrows indicate GFP-LC3 on vacuoles. Bar = 5 μm.