Table 3.
Bivariate analysis (Cox regression) of factors associated with earlier death in severely malnourished children admitted to JUSH, Sept. 2010-Sept. 2012
| Factors (variables) | No | Mean Survival Time (days) | HR | 95 % CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| <24 months | 407 | 49.8 | 2.3 | 1.5–3.5 | < .001 |
| ≥24 months | 540 | 66.1 | 1 | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 555 | 61.4 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.6 | .794 |
| Female | 392 | 59.6 | 1 | ||
| Anthropometry and type of malnutrition | |||||
| MUAC (for 6–59 months) | |||||
| <11.5 cm | 407 | 58.3 | 5.3 | 2.5–11.0 | < .001 |
| ≥11.5 cm | 289 | 60.1 | 1 | ||
| Type of malnutrition | |||||
| Oedematous | 576 | 62.4 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.0 | .060 |
| Non oedematous | 371 | 57.0 | 1 | ||
| Clinical conditions at admissions | |||||
| Vital signs | |||||
| a) Hypothermia (axillary To ≤ 35 °C) | |||||
| Present | 17 | 33.4 | 3.9 | 1.8–8.4 | .001 |
| Absent | 930 | 62.1 | 1 | ||
| b) Respiratory rate | |||||
| Bradypnea | 85 | 46.1 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.9 | .354 |
| Tachypnea | 570 | 62.2 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.6 | .931 |
| Normal | 292 | 58.7 | 1 | ||
| c) Pulse rate | |||||
| Bradycardia | 113 | 41.0 | 2.6 | 1.6–4.2 | < .001 |
| Tachycardia | 94 | 56.9 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.5 | .284 |
| Normal | 740 | 61.7 | 1 | ||
| Conjunctival color | |||||
| Pale | 224 | 52.9 | 1.4 | 0.9–2.1 | .189 |
| Pink | 723 | 60.6 | 1 | ||
| Palmar pallor | |||||
| Present | 170 | 49.6 | 1.9 | 1.2–3.0 | .006 |
| Absent | 777 | 62.0 | 1 | ||
| Dehydration | |||||
| Present | 112 | 45.1 | 3.5 | 2.2–5.5 | < .001 |
| Absent | 835 | 63.0 | 1 | ||
| Shock | |||||
| Present | 61 | 36.5 | 3.7 | 2.2–6.4 | < .001 |
| Absent | 886 | 62.6 | 1 | ||
| Consciousness level | |||||
| Impaired | 118 | 42.9 | 3.8 | 2.4–5.9 | < .001 |
| Conscious | 829 | 63.6 | 1 | ||
| Diarrhea | |||||
| Present | 625 | 55.4 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 | .654 |
| Absent | 322 | 60.7 | 1 | ||
| Vomiting | |||||
| Present | 489 | 58.6 | 1.8 | 1.1–2.7 | .011 |
| Absent | 458 | 62.7 | 1 | ||
| Skin lesion | |||||
| Present | 296 | 59.3 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.0 | .227 |
| Absent | 651 | 61.7 | 1 | ||
| Co–morbidity/complication at admission | |||||
| Admission co-morbidity/complication | |||||
| Present | 658 | 59.3 | 3.2 | 1.7–6.3 | < .001 |
| Absent | 289 | 62.5 | 1 | ||
| HIV Status (Unknown status = 351) | |||||
| Positive | 23 | 38.6 | 4.3 | 1.9–9.7 | < .001 |
| Negative | 573 | 64.5 | 1 | ||
| Type of treatments given | |||||
| Infusion at admission | |||||
| Yes | 76 | 43.3 | 4.0 | 2.4–6.5 | < .001 |
| No | 871 | 62.7 | 1 | ||
| Transfusion at admission | |||||
| Yes | 5 | 36.2 | 2.0 | 0.3–14.3 | .489 |
| No | 942 | 61.4 | 1 | ||