Table 3.

Population viral load and associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals not on art in Ndhiwa, Kenya, weighted multivariate linear model.

	No HIV-positive	Median VL (copies/ml) [+IQR]	Mean log (VL) (copies/ml) (+95% CI)	Unadjusted difference in mean viral load in log10 (copies/ml) (+95% CI)	P	Adjusted difference in mean viral load in log10 (copies/ml) (+95% CI)	P
Sex
Female	547	36 788 [6446–109 000]	4.38 (4.30–4.46)	Ref		Ref
Male	240	86 165 [24 612–202 856]	4.76 (4.64–4.88)	0.37 (0.22–0.52)	<0.01	0.27 (0.12–0.42)	<0.01
Age (years)
15–29	369	39 852 [7220–109 000]	4.41 (4.31–4.51)	Ref		Ref
30–44	305	49 400 [13 852–167 662]	4.58 (4.47–4.68)	0.18 (0.03–0.33)	0.02	0.05 (−0.09–0.20)	0.46
45–59	113	61 152 [9962–173 586]	4.58 (4.38–4.77)	0.12 (−0.11–0.37)	0.29	−0.03 (−0.27–0.19)	0.74
CD4+ cell count (cells/μl)
≥750	136	11 377 [2029–55 631]	3.95 (3.79–4.11)	Ref		Ref
500–749	232	33 026 [6589–101 993]	4.37 (4.26–4.48)	0.43 (0.23–0.64)	<0.01	0.40 (0.20–0.60)	<0.01
350–499	172	52 509 [17 001–134 006]	4.57 (4.45–4.70)	0.60 (0.38–0.81)	<0.01	0.55 (0.34–0.76)	<0.01
200–349	129	78 248 [29 978–188 678]	4.72 (4.56–4.89)	0.72 (0.49–0.96)	<0.01	0.68 (0.44–0.90)	<0.01
0/199	105	149 356 [52 138–339 712]	5.01 (4.86–5.18)	0.99 (0.73–1.25)	<0.01	0.91 (0.65–1.18)	<0.01
HIV status awareness
Not aware	524	51 154 [9508–151 106]	4.52 (4.44–4.60)	Ref
Aware	263	40 572 [9 576–114 684]	4.45 (4.34–4.56)	−0.07 (−0.22–0.07)	0.32
Marital status (missing: 6)
Never married	31	56 220 [16 028–239 374]	4.70 (4.37–5.04)	Ref
Married/living together	617	46 838 [10 388–135 942]–	4.51 (4.43–4.58)	−0.16 (−0.45–0.13)	0.29
Divorced/Separated	13	46 196 [4574–105 816]	4.26 (3.74–4.77)	−0.46 (−1.04–0.11)	0.12
Widowed	120	52 574 [6625–136 161]	4.43 (4.25–4.61)	−0.28 (−0.63–0.07)	0.11
Education
Primary or less	715	49 400 [10 580–144 708]	4.51 (4.45–4.59)	Ref
Secondary or less	72	31 337 [4171–94 153]	4.31 (4.06–4.55	−0.20 (−0.47–0.07)	0.15
Total	787	47 312 [9576–140 066]	4.50 (4.43–5.56]

CI, confidence internal; VL, viral load.