Figure 1.

Behavioral paradigm for Experiment 1. At the beginning of each trial there was either a valid cue (50% of the trials) correctly indicating the impending target direction of motion, an invalid cue (25% of the trials) incorrectly indicating the impending target direction of motion, or a neutral cue (25% of the trials) that contained no directional information whatsoever. Invalid cues indicated directions that were offset from the direction of motion of the target RDP anywhere from ±30° to ±180° on a trial by trial basis (determined pseudorandomly within a given block of trials). All cues were presented centrally for 1000 ms and were followed by 1000 ms of the four RDPs. Note: Cues in the first panel are exaggerated in size for the purposes of clarity.