Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Variable | N | M ± SD (Range) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 | 45.54 ± 5.9 (32.2 – 58.5) |
| Age of Onset (years) | 66 | 8.29 ± 4.2 (0.7 – 15.9) |
| Disease Duration (years) | 66 | 39.26 ± 4.2 (31.5 – 46.5) |
| Gender | 66 | 32 M/34 F |
| Years of Education | 64 | 15.06 ± 2.3 (12 – 20) |
| HbA1c (%) | 63 | 7.45 ± 1.2 (4.9 – 10.1) |
| Average HbA1c Historya | 66 | 7.87 ± 1.3 (5.4 – 11.9) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 65 | 27.22 ± 4.8 (18.3 – 38.9) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 63 | 117.56 ± 15.31 (86 – 146) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 63 | 65.52 ± 9.6 (40 – 86) |
| Glucose Before MRI Scan (mg/dL) | 64 | 170.42 ± 79.9 (34 – 379) |
| Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (mg/kg/min) | 66 | 7.89 ± 2.52 (1.5 – 12.5) |
| Medication History | ||
| History of Lipid Lowering Medications (n, %) | 66 | 21 (31.8) |
| History of Blood Pressure Medications (n, %) | 66 | 19 (28.8) |
| Diabetes Complications | ||
| Microalbuminuria (n, %) | 66 | 40 (60.6) |
| Proliferative Retinopathy (n, %) | 66 | 31 (47.0) |
a
Average of HbA1c readings at study visits since the 1996–1998 exam.