Table 2. Demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors of study participants by socioeconomic status, the community-based survey in Jiaxing, China, 2010.
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower class | Lower middle class | Upper middle class | Upper class | P for trend d | |
| (n = 391) | (n = 2100) | (n = 771) | (n = 305) | ||
| Age (years, mean±SD) | 50.7±6.7 | 45.3±6.5 | 44.2±6.1 | 43.5±6.2 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Men | 31.5 | 49.6 | 53.7 | 58.4 | |
| Women | 68.5 | 50.4 | 46.3 | 41.6 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) a | |||||
| Men | 23.7 (23.2, 24.3) | 23.9 (23.7, 24.1) | 24.3 (24.0, 24.6) | 24.3 (23.8, 24.7) | 0.0104 |
| Women | 24.6 (24.2, 25.0) | 23.8 (23.6, 24.0) | 23.0 (22.7, 23.3) | 23.1 (22.5, 23.6) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) a | |||||
| Men | 83.3 (81.6, 84.9) | 84.1 (83.6, 84.7) | 85.3 (84.4, 86.2) | 84.9 (83.5, 86.2) | 0.0219 |
| Women | 82.2 (81.2, 83.3) | 79.9 (79.4, 80.4) | 76.8 (75.9, 77.7) | 76.4 (74.9, 77.8) | <0.0001 |
| Diagnosis of NCDs (%) b * | 31.6 | 19.9 | 17.3 | 20.7 | 0.4954 |
| Selected NCDs in 1st degree relatives(%) c * | 59.0 | 61.8 | 65.4 | 62.7 | 0.0089 |
| Cigarette smoking (%) * | |||||
| Men | 82.6 | 78.6 | 72.7 | 66.1 | <0.0001 |
| Women | 3.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.2482 |
| Alcohol drinking (%) * | |||||
| Men | 47.1 | 41.6 | 46.0 | 44.6 | 0.4129 |
| Women | 0.8 | 3.3 | 8.5 | 5.6 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: NCD: non-communicable chronic disease.
* Missing values excluded from analysis (14 for prevalent NCDs, 50 for family history, and 77 for cigarette and alcohol use).
a Presented as Ls-means and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age.
b Including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and cancer.
c Including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer.
d P for ANOVA tests (continuous variables) or Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests (categorical variables), all P values adjusted for age and sex.