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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adv Nurs. 2015 Mar 5;71(8):1914–1925. doi: 10.1111/jan.12645

Table 1.

Demographic Background and Bivariate Analysis

Total Chinese Southeast Asians Filipinos Others
N = 50 N = 19 N = 15 N = 11 N = 5
Gender % % % % %
    Male 84 84.21 80 90.91 80
Education**
    < HS 38 68.42 33.33 9.09 0
    HS 32 21.05 33.33 45.45 40
    Associate Degree 20 5.26 26.67 18.18 60
    College or Higher 10 5.26 6.67 27.27 0
Immigrants**
    Yes 76 78.95 86.67 81.82 20
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Age 48.86 9.43 51.16 9.65 48.20 8.01 45.64 9.02 49.20 14.19
Proportion of lifetime in U.S.** 0.61 0.27 0.53 0.28 0.50 0.23 0.76 0.25 0.88 0.27
Acculturation** 1.20 0.93 0.49 0.44 1.09 0.62 2.15 0.73 2.15 0.63
CES-D* 16.78 9.76 13.63 9.40 23.07 9.21 15.00 8.96 13.80 9.59
Hope for self-actualization** 2.52 1.01 2.00 0.92 2.53 0.86 2.91 0.80 3.60 0.91
*

P<0.05

**

P<0.01

All the estimates are based on bootstrap variances.

HS- High School

CES-D- Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

Ethnicities: Chinese (mainland Chinese and Taiwanese), Southeast Asian (Vietnamese, Malaysian, Burmese, Cambodian, Indonesian, Lao) and others (Japanese, Pacific Islander)