Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of Lewy-type synucleinopathy (LTS) in the subregions of upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) mucosa in Parkinson disease patients with and without dysphagia
| Variable | 2-factor unadjusted riska
|
2-factor adjusted riskb
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P valuec | OR | 95% CI | P valuec | |
|
|
|
|||||
| Absence/presence of dysphagia | ||||||
| Ref category: absence | 0.3 | (0.04, 1.5) | 0.1464 | 0.3 | (0.1, 0.7) | 0.0086 |
| UAT mucosa regions | ||||||
| ATP vs LPT | 53.7 | (3.3, 888.5) | 0.0015 | 278.1 | (4.6, 16, 658.4) | 0.0015 |
| OPW vs LPT | 12.7 | (1.3, 127.1) | 0.0180 | 38.1 | (1.2, 1182.2) | 0.0285 |
| AEF vs LPT | 83.9 | (3.8, 1877.0) | 0.0015 | 532.1 | (7.9, 35720.6) | 0.0015 |
| PCR vs LPT | 89.2 | (5.7, 1390.5) | 0.0015 | 545.9 | (10.9, 27412.0) | 0.0015 |
| UE vs LPT | 72.1 | (1.9, 2715.1) | 0.0075 | 515.8 | (3.5, 76862.8) | 0.0030 |
| OPW vs ATP | 0.2 | (0.02, 2.6) | 1.000 | 0.1 | (0.01, 3.7) | 1.000 |
| AEF vs ATP | 1.6 | (0.4, 6.6) | 1.000 | 1.9 | (0.3, 14.1) | 1.000 |
| PCR vs ATP | 1.7 | (0.3, 8.4) | 1.000 | 2.0 | (0.2, 20.2) | 1.000 |
| UE vs ATP | 1.3 | (0.5, 3.9) | 1.000 | 1.9 | (0.2, 16.3) | 1.000 |
| AEF vs OPW | 6.6 | (0.7, 59.2) | 0.1725 | 14.0 | (0.9, 215.6) | 0.0690 |
| PCR vs OPW | 7.0 | (0.8, 60.0) | 0.1155 | 14.3 | (0.9, 219.8) | 0.0630 |
| UE vs OPW | 5.7 | (0.3, 93.3) | 1.000 | 13.5 | (0.3, 583.3) | 0.6300 |
| PCR vs AEF | 1.1 | (0.2, 4.9) | 1.000 | 1.0 | (0.1, 7.8) | 1.000 |
| UE vs AEF | 0.9 | (0.2, 4.3) | 1.000 | 1.0 | (0.1, 9.4) | 1.000 |
| UE vs PCR | 0.8 | (0.1, 4.8) | 1.000 | 0.9 | (0.1, 12.8) | 1.000 |
a
The 2 factors dysphagia and UAT mucosa were not adjusted for patient characteristics
b
The 2 factors dysphagia and UAT mucosa were adjusted for PD duration, Hoehn and Yahr stages, and motor Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale
c
p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni procedure
AEF aryepiglottic fold, ATP anterior tonsillar pillar, CI confidence interval, LPT lateral posterior tongue, OPW oropharyngeal posterior wall, OR odds ratio, PCR postcricoid region, UE upper esophagus