Table 1.
Age-adjusted basic characteristics of case and control participants in women (1990) and men (1994)a
| Variable | Women |
Men |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n=172) | Controls (n=342) | P | Cases (n=146) | Controls (n=282) | P | |
| Age at blood draw, yearb | 58.6 (6.6) | 58.7 (6.5) | - | 66.0 (8.4) | 66.1 (8.4) | - |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.7 (4.9) | 25.4 (4.6) | 0.43 | 26.1 (3.3) | 25.5 (3.1) | 0.06 |
| Physical activity, MET-h/wk | 16.6 (20.9) | 16.5 (19.4) | 0.84 | 32.1 (26.8) | 30.5 (24.6) | 0.56 |
| Pack-year of smoking before age 30 | 3.6 (6.1) | 3.1 (4.5) | 0.18 | 6.1 (7.1) | 4.4 (6.4) | 0.02 |
| Current smoker, % | 13 | 14 | 0.61 | 4 | 5 | 0.67 |
| Family history of colorectal cancer, % | 20 | 21 | 0.85 | 22 | 16 | 0.15 |
| History of previous endoscopy, % | 38 | 38 | 0.92 | 54 | 62 | 0.11 |
| Current multivitamin use, % | 37 | 39 | 0.58 | 46 | 53 | 0.22 |
| Regular aspirin use, %c | 35 | 47 | 0.01 | 42 | 48 | 0.25 |
| Regular NSAID use, %d | 12 | 16 | 0.20 | 9 | 11 | 0.76 |
| Postmenopausal, % | 87 | 87 | 0.95 | - | - | - |
| Current hormone use, %e | 35 | 40 | 0.30 | - | - | - |
| Alcohol consumption, g/d | 4.0 (6.3) | 5.2 (9.5) | 0.01 | 13.3 (17.5) | 10.5 (13.0) | 0.31 |
| Folate intake, μg/d | 421 (207) | 447 (226) | 0.05 | 506 (273.1) | 541 (269) | 0.10 |
| Calcium intake, mg/d | 994 (592) | 1,060 (504) | 0.003 | 960 (422.2) | 943 (435) | 0.67 |
| Total fiber intake, g/d | 18.3 (5.8) | 18.8 (5.1) | 0.06 | 22.4 (7.2) | 23.6 (7.0) | 0.08 |
| DASH diet score | 23.5 (4.2) | 24.6 (4.2) | 0.06 | 24.2 (4.6) | 24.9 (4.6) | 0.13 |
| Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, median (interquartile range), ng/mLf | 26.1 (19.5 to 31.7) | 27.8 (21.0 to 33.2) | 0.02 | 27.8 (22.2 to 33.3) | 29.2 (22.5 to 35.0) | 0.10 |
Abbreviations: DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MET, metabolic equivalent = (caloric need/kilogram body weight per hour activity)/(caloric need/kilogram body weight per hour at rest); NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Among participants who had data on lymphocytic reaction. Numbers in parenthesis indicate standard deviation for means unless otherwise specified.
Age is one of the matching variables and is not age-standardised.
A standard tablet contains 325-mg aspirin, and regular users were defined as those who used at least 2 tablets per week.
Regular users were defined as those who used at least 2 tablets per week.
Percentage is among postmenopausal women.
Adjusted for measurement batch using the average batch correction method.