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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gut. 2015 Jan 15;65(2):296–304. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308852

Table 2.

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal cancer, overall and by components of lymphocytic reactiona

Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3 P trend b P heterogeneity c
Overalld Median of 25(OH)D, ng/mL 19.0 27.9 37.4
No. of cases/controls (318/624) 122/212 109/208 87/204
Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.90 (0.65-1.23) 0.69 (0.48-1.00) 0.05
Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.90 (0.64-1.25) 0.71 (0.48-1.05) 0.09
Intratumoural periglandular reaction Absent
    No. of cases/controls (41/79) 14/27 16/25 11/27
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 1.24 (0.52-2.96) 0.72 (0.27-1.94) 0.58 <0.001
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 1.15 (0.47-2.85) 0.71 (0.26-1.95) 0.55 0.001
Mild
    No. of cases/controls (230/451) 85/165 79/154 66/132
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.99 (0.68-1.45) 0.95 (0.62-1.45) 0.81
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 1.00 (0.67-1.47) 0.98 (0.62-1.54) 0.93
High
    No. of cases/controls (47/94) 23/20 14/29 10/45
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.33 (0.12-0.88) 0.10 (0.03-0.35) <0.001
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.33 (0.12-0.90) 0.10 (0.03-0.35) <0.001
Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes Absent
    No. of cases/controls (223/434) 83/158 80/142 60/134
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 1.06 (0.73-1.55) 0.80 (0.52-1.24) 0.37 0.08
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 1.02 (0.69-1.51) 0.81 (0.51-1.30) 0.42 0.13
Mild
    No. of cases/controls (64/128) 25/40 24/45 15/43
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.80 (0.39-1.65) 0.50 (0.22-1.17) 0.11
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.91 (0.44-1.89) 0.50 (0.21-1.20) 0.13
High
    No. of cases/controls (31/62) 14/12 8/21 9/29
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.31 (0.10-0.98) 0.20 (0.05-0.73) 0.02
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.33 (0.10-1.05) 0.22 (0.06-0.87) 0.03
Crohn's-like lymphoid reactiong Absent
    No. of cases/controls (189/369) 72/140 66/112 51/117
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 1.13 (0.75-1.70) 0.81 (0.50-1.29) 0.43 0.01
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 1.08 (0.71-1.66) 0.81 (0.49-1.33) 0.45 0.09
Mild
    No. of cases/controls (54/107) 21/30 18/38 15/39
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.64 (0.29-1.41) 0.47 (0.19-1.18) 0.11
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.72 (0.31-1.65) 0.55 (0.20-1.49) 0.24
High
    No. of cases/controls (16/32) 8/5 7/12 1/15
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.37 (0.09-1.50) 0.05 (0.00-0.50) 0.008
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.56 (0.13-2.36) 0.08 (0.01-0.86) 0.03
Peritumoural lymphocytic reaction Absent
    No. of cases/controls (49/94) 19/27 15/31 15/36
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.71 (0.31-1.67) 0.53 (0.22-1.31) 0.16 0.05
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.69 (0.28-1.68) 0.55 (0.22-1.38) 0.19 0.08
Mild
    No. of cases/controls (201/396) 74/149 74/139 53/108
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 1.06 (0.71-1.58) 0.98 (0.62-1.55) 0.95
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 1.06 (0.70-1.59) 0.98 (0.60-1.59) 0.95
High
    No. of cases/controls (68/134) 29/36 20/38 19/60
    Crude OR (95% CI)e 1 [Referent] 0.66 (0.32-1.37) 0.32 (0.14-0.73) 0.006
    Multivariable OR (95% CI)f 1 [Referent] 0.64 (0.30-1.36) 0.34 (0.14-0.81) 0.02

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

a

Component of lymphocytic reaction was categorised as: absent, mild, and high (moderate or marked).

b

Test for trend was performed using the median value of each tertile of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

c

Global test comparing the risk of colorectal cancer associated with median value of each tertile of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D across subtypes of tumours.

d

Analysis was based on all cases having data on specific components of lymphocytic reaction and their matched controls.

e

Conditional logistic regression adjusted for the matching factors (sex, age and time of blood draw).

f

In addition to the matching factors, multivariable conditional logistic regression adjusted for family history of colorectal cancer, endoscopic screening, regular use of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, pack-years of smoking before age 30 years old (continuous), body mass index (continuous, kg/m2), physical activity (continuous, metabolic equivalent hour per week), alcohol consumption (continuous, g/day), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score (continuous).

g

Fifty nine cases with missing data on Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction and the matched 116 controls were excluded.