TABLE 4.
Characteristics of selected serologic tests used for the diagnosis of infection with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A
| Test | Test methodology | Reported characteristicsb | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enterocheck-WB | Dipstick detecting anti-LPS IgM antibodies | Sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 97% | 268 |
| LifeAssay Test-it | Detects IgM antibodies against Salmonella Typhi LPS in an ICT LFA cassette format | Sensitivity, 59%; specificity, 98% | 265, 266 |
| Mega Salmonella | ELISA detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against an undefined Salmonella Typhi antigen | Sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 49% | 257 |
| Multi-Test-Dip-S-Ticks | Dipstick detecting anti-LPS IgG and IgM | Sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 53% | 259 |
| PanBio | ELISA detecting anti-LPS IgG and IgM | Sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 80% | 267 |
| SD Bioline | ICT LFA cassette detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against an undefined Salmonella Typhi antigen | Sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 79% | 257 |
| Tubex TF | Detects antibody against Salmonella Typhi LPS with an inhibition assay format and a visual result readout | Sensitivity, 56–100%; specificity, 58–100% | 249, 255–260, 263, 270 |
| Typhidot | Measures IgM and IgG antibodies against a 50-kDa outer membrane protein of Salmonella Typhi in an immunodot test format | Sensitivity, 67–98%; specificity, 58–100% | 254, 255, 257, 259, 260, 269 |
| Typhidot M | Measures IgM antibodies, after removal of IgG antibodies, against a 50-kDa outer membrane protein of Salmonella Typhi in a dot blot format | Sensitivity, 47–98%; specificity, 65–93% | 254, 255, 258 |
| TyphiRapid IgM and IgG IgM (Combo) | Measures IgM antibodies, after removal of IgG antibodies, against a 50-kDa outer membrane protein of Salmonella Typhi in an ICT LFAa cassette format | Sensitivity, 89–100%; specificity, 85–89% | 261, 262 |
| Widal test | Measures agglutinating antibodies against O and H antigens of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A; uses a tube or slide format | Very variable sensitivity and specificity; lack of standardized reagents | 237–240, 242, 243 |
a
ICT, immunochromatographic test; LFA, lateral-flow assay.
b
This column shows the range of sensitivity and specificity values from different studies with a range of sample sizes and methodologies. Where there is only one study, that value is given. For a systematic review of the studies examining Tubex TF and Typhidot, see reference 270.