TABLE 2.
Defined Risk Factors
| Australia | Belgium1 | Canada | Germany | France | UK | US | Austria | Switzerland | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | >25 (MR) >35 (HR) |
>25 | ≥30 | ≥30 | ≥25 | >30 | ≥25 + additional risk factor below | “Adiposity” | >25 |
| Age (years) | ≥40 (HR) | ≥35 | ≥35 | ≥45 | ≥35 | >45 | >25 | ||
| History of GDM | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Family history of diabetes (first-degree relative) | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Prediabetes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Ethnicity | Aboriginal, Asian, Middle Eastern, Black African (MR) | ✓ | Aboriginal, Hispanic, Asian, African | Asian, Hispanic (*Middle Eastern, *African) | South Asian, Black, Caribbean, Middle Eastern | African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander | Specific ethnic groups (e.g., Asian) | Specific ethnic groups: Asian, Latin American | |
| History of macrosomic baby | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Current macrosomic baby | ✓ | ✓* | † | ✓ | |||||
| History of fetal malformation | ✓* | ✓ | |||||||
| History of stillbirth | ✓ | ||||||||
| Current polyhydramnios | ✓ | ✓* | † | ||||||
| Repeated abortion (≥3) | ✓* | ✓ | |||||||
| History of obstetric complications | ✓ | ||||||||
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Steroid use | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Antipsychotic use | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | |||||||
| Hypertension | ✓ (HR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Physical inactivity | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| History of cardiovascular disease | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Glucosuria | ✓ | ||||||||
| Metabolic syndrome | ✓ | ||||||||
| Diabetes symptoms | ✓ |
HR, high risk; MR, moderate risk.
*
Mentioned in text but not in flowchart.
†
Not listed as specific risk factor but requires screening for GDM.
1
GGOLFB, Groupement des Gynécologues Obstétricien de Langue Française de Belgique.