TABLE 2.
Association of Risk Factors With Response to SMBG Intervention
| Characteristic | Population (n [%]) | Change in Median A1C From Baseline to 4–8 months (%) | Interquartile Range Change in A1C (%) | P for Unadjusted Analysis | Adjusted Analysis 95% CI (%) | P for Adjusted Analysis |
| All patients | 139 (100) | –31 | –40 to –8 | |||
| Female patients | 72 (51.8) | –14.5 | –31 to 0 | 0.49 | ||
| Pediatric patients (<15 years of age) | 8 (5.8) | –5.5 | –12 to 1.5 | 0.05 | –1.2 to 32.4 | 0.07 |
| Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by the age of 25 years | 82 (60.0) | –9.5 | –24 to 0 | 0.001 | 1.2–18.3 | 0.03 |
| Enrolled in care for <5 years | 79 (56.8) | –9.0 | –26 to 0 | 0.003 | 0.5–16 | 0.04 |
| Travel time to clinic >5 hours | 36 (25.9) | –9.5 | –26 to 2.5 | 0.15 | –5 to 11.9 | 0.43 |
| History of tuberculosis | 7 (5.0) | –24.0 | –30 to 7 | 0.64 | ||
| Caregiver assistance available | 88 (63.3) | –13.5 | –29.5 to 0 | 0.27 | ||
| Any alcohol consumption | 9 (6.4) | –36 | –43 to –11 | 0.1374 | –21.4 to 11.4 | 0.54 |
| History of smoking | 4 (2.9) | –37 | –37 to –18.5 | 0.21 | ||
| Any level of food insecurity | 35 (25.2) | –20 | –36 to –4 | 0.34 | ||
| Rural clinic (Webuye) | 47 (33.8) | –31 | –40 to –8 | 0.0004 | –17.5 to –0.3 | <0.01 |
| Semi-urban clinic (Eldoret-MTRH) | 92 (66.2) | –12 | –24 to –1 | 0.0004 | 4.2–20.8 | <0.01 |