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. 2015 Jul 16;5:12231. doi: 10.1038/srep12231

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(a) Survey scan of XPS core level spectra taken on a spotted NF, immobilized (spotted NF/p-DNA) and hybridized (spotted NF/p-DNA/t-DNA) bioelectrode. (b) Binding energy of P, P2p (c) N, N1s (d) C, C1s and (e) O, O1s electrons.