Table 3.
Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Total | p-value* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transport | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Direct | 317 | 78 | 282 | 87 | 599 | 82 | <0.01 |
Secondary | 70 | 17 | 32 | 10 | 102 | 14 | |
Unknown | 21 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 32 | 4 | |
Total | 408 | 100 | 325 | 100 | 733 | 100 | |
Time intervals | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
EMS arrival - hospital admission <60 min | 167 | 41 | 197 | 61 | 364 | 50 | <0.01 |
Hospital admission - CT scan <60 min | 269 | 66 | 242 | 74 | 511 | 70 | 0.854 |
Hospital admission - OR <120 | 131 | 32 | 118 | 36 | 249 | 34 | 0.995 |
Prehospital monitoring | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Pulse oximetry used | 298 | 73 | 284 | 87 | 582 | 79 | 0.969 |
Blood pressure monitoring used | 291 | 71 | 267 | 82 | 558 | 76 | 0.966 |
Capnography in ventilated patients | 123 | 57 | 131 | 78 | 254 | 35 | 0.121 |
Prehospital ventilation | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Hyperventilation (pCO2 < 35 mmHg) | 81 | 20 | 47 | 14 | 128 | 17 | 0.083 |
Normoventialtion (pCO2 35–42 mmHg) | 64 | 16 | 59 | 18 | 123 | 17 | |
Hypoventilation (pCO2 > 42 mmHg) | 10 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 23 | 3 | |
Unknown | 253 | 62 | 206 | 63 | 459 | 63 | |
Total | 408 | 100 | 325 | 100 | 733 | 100 | |
Prehospital fluid resuscitation | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Ringer's lactate | 109 | 27 | 65 | 20 | 174 | 24 | 0.096 |
Ringer's solution | 102 | 25 | 110 | 34 | 212 | 29 | 0.148 |
Other electrolyte solution | 71 | 17 | 74 | 23 | 145 | 20 | 0.283 |
Colloids | 105 | 26 | 59 | 18 | 164 | 22 | <0.05 |
Hypertonic saline | 22 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 37 | 5 | 0.665 |
Other treatment options | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Trombelastometry done | 99 | 24 | 129 | 40 | 228 | 31 | 0.212 |
Corticosteroids given | 15 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 0.045 |
Legend: CT Computed Tomography, OR Operation Room, EMS Emergency Medical Service, pCO2 Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
*The tests were applied only on known values