Table 2. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements at the time of non-invasive cardiovascular testing in the RRI-chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort. Continuous variables are reported as mean (standard deviation) for normally distributed variables and as median (min, max) for skewed variables. Categorical variables are reported as % (n). Significant differences between those with and without diabetes are shown in bold (p < 0.05).
| Measure | Overall (n = 240a) | Diabetics (n = 72a) | Non-diabetics (n = 168) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 8.6 (2.8) | 10.3 (3.2) | 7.9 (2.3) |
| HRV time domain (ms) | |||
| Standard deviation (SD) of all normal to normal R-R (NN) intervals | 105 (36,306) | 92 (36, 306) | 108 (48, 227) |
| SD of 5-min average NN intervals (SDANN) | 89 (25,258) | 78 (25, 258) | 93 (39, 199) |
| Average 5-minute SDNN over 24 h (ASDNN) | 41 (17,195) | 36 (17, 188) | 44 (18, 195) |
| Root mean square of the difference of successive RR intervals (RMSSD) | 24 (6, 267) | 27 (6, 267) | 23 (8, 260) |
| HRV frequency domain (ms2) | |||
| Total power | 1,554 (256, 30828) | 1,131 (256, 25058) | 1,687 (297, 30828) |
| Very low frequency (VLF) | 1,014 (36, 6252) | 690 (36, 5908) | 1,139 (101, 6252) |
| Low frequency (LF) | 310 (13, 11977) | 177 (13, 6688) | 349 (24, 11977) |
| High frequency (HF) | 120 (5, 15123) | 97 (5, 11247) | 128 (11, 15123) |
| Low/high frequency ratio (LF/HF) | 2.5 (0.2, 14) | 1.8 (0.3, 9.0) | 2.9 (0.2, 13.9) |
aHRV frequency domain measures, n = 239 overall, n = 71 for diabetics.