Table 1. Analyses Performed to Assess the Effect of Non-Differential Measurement Error in Individual-level Variables Aggregated to Create Neighborhood Contextual Measures in Multi-level Studies.

Form of measurement error	Dataset	Variations Tested
Dichotomous individual-level variable: (e.g. non-differential misclassification of household-level poverty)	New York City Community Health Survey	Magnitude of measurement error Modeling strategy (GEE vs. mixed models) Outcome form (continuous vs. dichotomous) Effect estimation (quantile comparison vs. direct interpretation of slope)
	Multiple Simulated Datasets Modeled on the New York City Community Health Survey	Effect estimation (externally-defined cut-points)
Continuous individual-level variable: (e.g. non-differential error in household-level income)	Multiple Simulated Datasets Modeled on the New York City Community Health Survey	Magnitude of measurement error Number of neighborhoods Number of residents per neighborhood Effect estimation (quantile comparison vs. direct interpretation of slope)