TABLE 2—
Multivariate Models Estimating the Association Between Environmental Factors and Social Participation According to Living Area: NuAge Study, Quebec, 2004–2006
| Metropolitan (n = 338) |
Urban (n = 634) |
Rural (n = 226) |
||||
| Variables | b (SE) | P | b (SE) | P | b (SE) | P |
| Proximity to neighborhood resourcesa | 0.04 (0.01) | < .01 | 0.03 (0.01) | < .01 | ||
| Accessibility to key resourcesb | 0.09 (0.02) | < .001 | ||||
| Has driver’s license | 0.33 (0.10) | < .01 | 0.17 (0.07) | < .05 | 0.31 (0.14) | < .05 |
| Uses transit | 0.28 (0.08) | < .001 | ||||
| Quality of social networkc | −0.10 (0.04) | < .01 | ||||
| Children living in neighborhood | 0.15 (0.07) | < .05 | ||||
| ≥ 20 y lived in current dwelling | 0.17 (0.07) | < .05 | ||||
| Cumulative unadjusted R2 | 0.12* | 0.03* | 0.13* | |||
| Age, y | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.42 | −0.01 (0.01) | < .05 | 0.00 (0.01) | .94 |
| Gender | −0.19 (0.07) | < .01 | −0.07 (0.06) | .29 | 0.06 (0.08) | .42 |
| Living situation | 0.13 (0.08) | 0.09 | 0.19 (0.06) | < .01 | 0.18 (0.10) | .07 |
| Family income | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.95 | −0.00 (0.00) | .13 | 0.00 (0.00) | .18 |
| Depressive symptomsd | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.32 | −0.02 (0.01) | < .01 | −0,03 (0.01) | < .05 |
| Disabilitye | −0.02 (0.01) | < .05 | −0.00 (0.01) | .61 | −0.01 (0.01) | .5 |
| Cumulative adjustedf R2 | 0.18* | 0.11* | 0.18* | |||
a
Measured on a scale of 0–12, with higher numbers indicating greater proximity to neighborhood resources.
b
Measured on a scale of 0–4, with higher numbers indicating greater accessibility to key resources.
c
Measured using the Duke Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire.
d
Measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale.
e
Measured using the SMAF, or Functional Autonomy Measurement System.
fR2 adjusted for age, gender, living situation, family income, depressive symptoms, and disability.
*P < .001.