TABLE 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Hmong Women (N = 434) Participating in a Culturally Informed Breast Cancer Screening Education Program: Central and Southern California, 1999–2001
| Comparison Group, No. (%) | Intervention Group, No. (%) | Total, No. (%) | P a | |
| Age distribution, y | < .001 | |||
| < 39 | 26 (32.9) | 28 (8.3) | 54 (13.0) | |
| 40–49 | 30 (38.0) | 136 (40.4) | 166 (39.9) | |
| 50–59 | 10 (12.7) | 78 (23.1) | 88 (21.2) | |
| > 60 | 13 (16.5) | 95 (28.2) | 108 (26.0) | |
| Education in United States | .16 | |||
| < 1 y | 46 (63.9) | 255 (74.8) | 301 (72.9) | |
| 1–5 y | 20 (27.8) | 68 (19.9) | 88 (21.3) | |
| > 5 y | 6 (8.3) | 18 (5.3) | 24 (5.8) | |
| Education in country of birth | .08 | |||
| < 1 y | 67 (91.8) | 332 (96.8) | 399 (95.9) | |
| 1–5 y | 2 (2.7) | 6 (1.7) | 8 (1.9) | |
| > 5 y | 4 (5.5) | 5 (1.5) | 9 (2.2) | |
| Marital status | .03 | |||
| Single | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Married | 68 (85.0) | 260 (75.8) | 328 (77.5) | |
| Divorced | 3 (3.8) | 13 (3.8) | 16 (3.8) | |
| Widowed | 8 (10.0) | 70 (20.4) | 78 (18.4) | |
| Years in United States | .12 | |||
| 1–5 | 2 (2.5) | 6 (1.8) | 8 (2.0) | |
| 6–10 | 11 (13.8) | 69 (21.0) | 80 (19.6) | |
| 11–15 | 23 (28.8) | 113 (34.3) | 136 (33.3) | |
| 16–20 | 21 (26.3) | 86 (26.1) | 107 (26.2) | |
| 21–25 | 23 (28.8) | 55 (16.7) | 78 (19.1) | |
| Regular doctor | .57 | |||
| Yes | 78 (97.5) | 329 (96.2) | 417 (96.4) | |
| No | 2 (2.5) | 13 (3.8) | 15 (3.6) | |
| Languageb | ||||
| Read Hmong | 37 (46.3) | 38 (13.1) | 75 (20.3) | < .001 |
| Speak English | 10 (12.5) | 19 (6.3) | 29 (7.6) | .06 |
| Read English | 4 (5.0) | 17 (6.0) | 21 (5.8) | .72 |
| Medical insuranceb | ||||
| Have insurancec | 26 (32.5) | 34 (9.8) | 60 (14.1) | < .001 |
| Have Medi-Cal | 61 (76.3) | 310 (83.6) | 371 (87.1) | < .001 |
| No insurance | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.7) | 6 (1.4) | .24 |
Note. For the comparison group, n = 80; for the intervention group, n = 354.
a
Pearson χ2 test (2 sided).
b
Responses do not equal 100%; results reflect “yes” response only.
c
Private insurance or Medicare.