Table 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) among Predictors of Time to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
| Predictor | Crude hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Adjusted hazard ratioa (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||
| Sex | ||
| Men (vs. women) | 1.69 (1.45, 1.97) | 1.51 (1.26, 1.82) |
| Health insurance coverage | ||
| Uninsured/none | Referent | Referent |
| Medicaid | 3.59 (2.40, 5.36) | 2.34 (1.54, 3.54) |
| Medicare | 2.48 (1.67, 3.67) | 2.90 (1.92, 4.39) |
| Commercial | 1.65 (0.58, 4.72) | 1.57 (0.54, 4.59) |
| Other | 2.87 (1.91, 4.29) | 1.49 (0.51, 4.34) |
| Age group × estimated GFRb | — | — |
| Race/ethnicity × estimated GFRb | ||
| Clinical predictors of ESRD | ||
| Diabetes | 2.59 (2.18, 3.08) | 2.00 (1.64, 2.46) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.69 (0.53, 0.90) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.23) |
| Hypertension | 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) |
| Log proteinuria per mg/g | 2.02 (1.91, 2.13) | 1.74 (1.64, 1.85) |
| Hemoglobin per g/L | 0.76 (0.73, 0.48) | 0.87 (0.83, 0.91) |
| Serum albumin per g/dL | 0.44 (0.40, 0.48) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.84) |
| Non-traditional predictors of ESRD | ||
| HIV/AIDS | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) | 0.58 (0.36, 1.04) |
| Hepatitis B or C virus | 0.72 (0.40, 1.27) | 0.61 (0.33, 1.12) |
| History of substance abuse | 0.67 (0.51, 0.87) | 0.45 (0.33, 0.60) |
| Non-English speaker | 0.63 (0.51, 0.76) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.12) |
a
Model estimates are based on 10 imputations and are adjusted for baseline age group (referent group is 70+ years), sex, race/ethnicity (referent group is White), health insurance coverage (referent group is uninsured), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR referent group is 45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2), log proteinuria, HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, substance abuse, housing status, non-English language, hemoglobin level and serum albumin concentration.
GFR = Glomerular Filtration Rate