Table 1. Summary statistics.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All students | All fours tests sample | Higher-achieving schools | Lower-achieving schools | |||||
| Preschool test-scores for cog. development | ||||||||
| Test score 1 (grade 1) | 32.38 | (6.23) | 32.40 | (6.23) | 33.25 | (5.88) | 31.45 | (6.47) |
| Test score 2 (grade 1) | 35.30 | (4.83) | 35.86 | (4.83) | 36.50 | (4.36) | 35.16 | (5.22) |
| Test score 3 (grade 2) | 32.62 | (5.02) | 32.84 | (5.02) | 33.70 | (4.64) | 31.89 | (5.26) |
| Test score 4 (grade 2) | 35.00 | (4.16) | 35.56 | (4.16) | 36.25 | (3.82) | 34.80 | (4.4) |
| Age at the time of school start | 3.96 | (0.31) | 3.97 | (0.31) | 3.96 | (0.31) | 3.99 | (0.32) |
| Months between test 1 and 2 | 4.34 | (1.07) | 4.22 | (1.07) | 4.27 | (0.82) | 4.16 | (1.29) |
| Months between test 2 and 3 | 8.24 | (2.60) | 8.26 | (2.6) | 8.03 | (2.19) | 8.52 | (2.97) |
| Months between test 3 and 4 | 3.87 | (1.77) | 4.04 | (1.77) | 4.12 | (1.65) | 3.94 | (1.89) |
| One if pupil female | 0.48 | (0.50) | 0.48 | (0.50) | 0.50 | (0.50) | 0.45 | (0.50) |
| Distribution of household income in Euro | ||||||||
| below 800 | 2.70% | 2.10% | 0.73% | 3.93% | ||||
| 800–1250 | 9.90% | 10.50% | 7.58% | 14.43% | ||||
| 1250–1750 | 8.60% | 10.50% | 8.31% | 13.44% | ||||
| 1750–2250 | 12.70% | 13.45% | 11.25% | 16.39% | ||||
| 2250–2750 | 18.20% | 15.69% | 16.38% | 14.75% | ||||
| 2750–3250 | 17.50% | 17.65% | 19.56% | 15.08% | ||||
| 3250–3750 | 11.60% | 9.94% | 11.25% | 8.20% | ||||
| 3750–4250 | 6.10% | 6.30% | 8.07% | 3.93% | ||||
| 4250–4750 | 3.60% | 3.92% | 5.38% | 1.97% | ||||
| 4750–5250 | 2.70% | 4.06% | 4.89% | 2.95% | ||||
| above 5250 | 6.40% | 5.88% | 6.60% | 4.92% | ||||
| Education level mother (highest obtained degree): | ||||||||
| No degree | 5.10% | 5.83% | 2.89% | 9.68% | ||||
| Lower vocational education | 7.90% | 7.70% | 5.77% | 10.22% | ||||
| General continued education | 11.40% | 11.32% | 9.90% | 13.17% | ||||
| Preparatory scientific education | 43.40% | 47.84% | 47.84% | 47.85% | ||||
| Higher professional education | 23.90% | 20.19% | 25.57% | 13.17% | ||||
| University degree | 8.40% | 7.12% | 8.04% | 5.91% | ||||
| Education level father (highest obtained degree): | ||||||||
| No degree | 5.40% | 6.49% | 4.40% | 9.30% | ||||
| Lower vocational education | 9.60% | 10.82% | 9.22% | 12.96% | ||||
| General continued education | 10.00% | 8.77% | 6.71% | 11.55% | ||||
| Preparatory scientific education | 35.80% | 36.78% | 36.90% | 36.62% | ||||
| Higher professional education | 26.80% | 24.88% | 28.30% | 20.28% | ||||
| University degree | 12.40% | 12.26% | 14.47% | 9.30% | ||||
| 3 year school average CITO score | 536.10 | 536.38 | 538.43 | 533.92 | ||||
| (3.07) | (2.92) | (1.54) | (2.23) | |||||
| Number of schools | 156 | 87 | 48 | 39 | ||||
| Number of students | 7681 | 1299 | 685 | 614 | ||||
| Average no. of students per school | 49.24 | 14.93 | 14.27 | 15.74 | ||||
Notes: Since we do not know the exact date of the first day at school from administrative sources, we use the questionnaire answer to the question, “In which month did your child go to school for the first time?” to calculate the variable “Months at school at time of test 1”. Standard deviations are in parentheses.