Table 3.

Mean (standard deviation) peak joint kinematics and kinetics for the three inclines tested.

	0%	5%	10%	p-value
Peak Joint Angles

Hip
Flexion	29 (6)	35 (5)	43 (6)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Extension	−15 (9)	−15 (9)	−15 (9)	0.58
Knee
Flexion - Stance	21 (6)	25 (7)	34 (8)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Flexion - Swing	69 (7)	67 (7)	68 (7)	<0.01^a,^c
Ankle
Dorsiflexion	10 (7)	11 (7)	14 (8)	<0.01^b,^c
Plantarflexion	−14 (7)	−15 (8)	−15 (7)	0.67

Peak Joint Moments (Nm/kg)

Hip
Flexion	0.58 (0.18)	0.49 (0.28)	0.34 (0.50)	0.08
Extension	−0.93 (0.23)	−1.22 (0.25)	−1.70 (0.32)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Knee
Flexion	0.44 (0.19)	0.68 (0.21)	1.03 (0.24)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Extension	−0.94 (0.24)	−0.67 (0.27)	−0.36 (0.25)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Ankle
Plantarflexion	−1.62 (0.17)	−1.87 (0.14)	−2.16 (0.29)	<0.01^a,^b,^c

Peak Joint Powers (W/kg)

Hip
Generation (1^st peak)	1.20 (0.36)	1.78 (0.53)	3.15 (0.91)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Absorption	−0.49 (0.23)	−0.35 (0.25)	−0.02 (0.28)	<0.01^b,^c
Generation (2^nd peak)	0.94 (0.29)	1.09 (0.34)	1.06 (0.37)	0.20
Ankle
Generation	2.00 (0.51)	2.52 (0.49)	3.35 (0.75)	<0.01^b,^c

Joint Works (J/kg)

Hip
Positive (1^st peak)	0.20 (0.06)	0.37 (0.10)	0.73 (0.19)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Negative	−0.06 (0.03)	−0.03 (0.03)	0.00 (0.01)	<0.01^a,^b,^c
Positive (2^nd peak)	0.13 (0.03)	0.15 (0.04)	0.16 (0.05)	0.06
Ankle
Positive	0.21 (0.06)	0.28 (0.08)	0.38 (0.11)	<0.01^a,^b,^c

0≠5%,

5≠10%,

0≠10%