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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain Med. 2015 Mar 20;16(7):1410–1425. doi: 10.1111/pme.12727

Table 4.

Predictors of follow-up pain interference (ref: no pain/decreased pain interference) n=2303

Demographics Demographics and Clinical

New/Continued/Highe
r Pain interference
New/Continued/Higher Pain
interference
Demographics OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Race (ref*=White)
African American 1.09 (0.83-1.43) 1.15 (0.85-1.55)
Hispanic 0.92 (0.63-1.33) 0.91 (0.61-1.35)
Asian 0.72 (0.43-1.22) 0.86 (0.50-1.48)
Age (ref=<54 years)
55 to 64 0.90 (0.69-1.18) 0.82 (0.61-1.09)
65 to 74 0.47 (0.35-0.63) 0.46 (0.33-0.63)
≥75 0.61 (0.45-0.82) 0.66 (0.47-0.93)
Sex (ref=male)
Female 1.23 (1.01-1.50) 1.33 (1.07-1.65)
Income (ref=≥$60,000)
<$20,000 2.06 (1.51-2.82) 1.57 (1.22-2.20)
$20,000 to <$40,000 1.58 (1.17-2.12) 1.30 (0.97-1.78)
$40,000 to <$60,000 0.99 (0.71-1.39) 0.93 (0.66-1.31)
Education (ref= College degree or higher)
Less than high school 1.19 (0.84-1.68) 1.23 (0.85-1.78)
High school graduate/GED 1.41 (1.06-1.86) 1.32 (0.98-1.78)
Some college/ vocational school 1.05 (0.79-1.39) 1.00 (0.75-1.34)
Clinical characteristics
Time since diagnosis (days) 0.99 (0.99-1.00)
Stage at diagnosis (ref=Stage I)
Stage II 0.93 (0.69-1.26)
Stage III 0.92 (0.65-1.32)
Stage IV 1.42 (0.94-2.17)
Treatment (ref=neither)
Chemotherapy or radiation only 1.00 (0.73-1.38)
Chemotherapy and Radiation 1.78 (1.24-2.55)
Stoma (ref=no)
Yes 1.21 (0.87-1.69)
Diabetes (ref=no)
Yes 1.52 (1.17-1.98)
Kidney disease (ref=no)
Yes 1.21 (0.86-1.69)
Crohn’s disease (ref=no)
Yes 1.33 (0.73-2.42)
Pulmonary disease (ref=no)
Yes 2.01 (1.49-2.71)
Heart failure (ref=no)
Yes 2.23 (1.38-3.60)
Heart attack (ref=no)
Yes 1.27 (0.87-1.86)
Stroke (ref=no)
Yes 1.45 (0.99-2.12)
Depression (ref=no)
Yes 1.55 (1.21-2.00)

Goodness-of-fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow)
X2 (df) p-value 9.87 (8) p=0.275 4.06 (8) p=0.851
C-statistic 0.62 0.69
*

Ref = Reference category;

Treatments that had been received by the time of the follow-up survey.