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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 29.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Apr 14;87:35–45. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.005

Table 1.

Oligonucleotide Experimental System Delivery Method Technique Used Conclusion Reference
SSO and siRNA HeLa cervical cancer cell culture Cell penetrating peptide Synthesized large unilamellar vesicles Cargo type affects CPP ability to permeate membranes [119]
Antisense Tumor cells Quantum dots Transmission electron microscopy Dual targeting system enhances uptake [120]
Antisense Primary rat myocardial cell culture and rat myocardial infarction model Antibody modified liposomes Time lapse live cell imaging and live animal imaging Antibody complexed liposomes improved targeted delivery to damaged cells [121]
PMO A375 melanoma three dimensional cell culture RGD conjugated albumin Three dimensional spheroid cultures RGD enhances particle penetration into spheroids [122]
SSO A375 melanoma and HeLa cervical cancer cell culture RGD conjugation, small molecules Time lapse live cell imaging and colocalization quantification with endosomal compartments Small molecule Retro-1 can enhance oligonucleotide release from cellular compartments [123]
Double strand ODN bEnd5 mouse endothelial cell culture and Balb/c mouse perfusion Antibody modified PEI Double labeled (Oligo & PEI) for tracking complex dissociation in vivo Antibody modified PEI improves penetration of the blood brain barrier [124]
Antisense KASUMI-1, MV4-11, and K562 AML cell culture Cenersen Hybridization based fluorescence ELISA ELISA can measure concentration of oligonucleotide in plasma and cells [125]