Table 1.
Complications of the transplanted kidney
| Early complications | 50–60 % |
| • Acute tubular necrosis (10–30 %) | |
| • Acute rejection (20–40 %) | |
| • Renal artery thrombosis (rare) | |
| • Renal vein thrombosis (rare) | |
| • Urinary obstruction | |
| • Urinary hemorrhage and/or leak (6 %) | |
| • Fluid collections (abscess, hematoma, lymphocele, urinoma) | |
| • Cyclosporine and tacrolimus toxicity | |
| • Infections | |
| • Disease relapse | |
| Late complications | 10–20 % |
| • Transplanted renal artery stenosis (10–12 %) | |
| • Renal infarction | |
| • Cyclosporine and tacrolimus toxicity | |
| • Infections | |
| • Arteriovenous fistulas (10 %) | |
| • Obstruction | |
| • Transplanted renal vein stenosis | |
| • Chronic allograft nephropathy | |
| Long-term complications | 1–2 % |
| • De novo glomerulonephritis | |
| • Recurrent disease | |
| • Other complications (1 %) | |