Fig. 1.

Spectral Doppler of the common carotid artery (CCA), obtained with pulsed-wave Doppler. Sample volume encompasses the whole vessel diameter. Time-averaged maximum velocity [TAMAX (also called TAP), represented with a continuous yellow line delineating the maximum velocities of the spectrum occurring along the cardiac cycle] and time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEAN, represented with a continuous white line delineating the mean velocities of the spectrum occurring along the cardiac cycle) were obtained. Of note, TAMAX and TAMEAN values are different, with TAMEAN lower than TAMAX. Cross-sectional area was estimated in 0.28 cm², and the resultant volume flow measurements were 684 ml/min using TAMAX and 376 ml/min with TAMEAN