Table II.
Descriptive Statistics of Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity Overall and by Race
| Risk factors of childhood obesity | Overall (n = 293) | Black (n = 142) | White (n = 151) | M difference (or χ2) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home environment | |||||
| Healthy snacks in home (often/always) | 258 (88.4%) | 110 (77.5%) | 148 (98.7%) | (31.87) | <.001 |
| Fruits and vegetables in home (often/always) | 260 (89.0%) | 120 (84.5%) | 140 (93.3%) | (5.82) | .016 |
| Soda in home (often/always) | 106 (36.2%) | 60 (42.3%) | 45 (30.6%) | (4.41) | .036 |
| Toys for physical activity (often/always) | 277 (94.5%) | 129 (90.9%) | 145 (98.6%) | (7.28) | .007 |
| Maternal behaviors | |||||
| TV hours per day | 2.40 ± 1.36 | 2.89 ± 1.52 | 1.94 ± 1.01 | 0.94 | <.001 |
| % Kcal from fat (NCI) | 31.9 ± 5.80 | 34.3 ± 6.29 | 29.7 ± 4.26 | 4.53 | <.001 |
| Consuming sweet beverages (Yes) | 177 (60.6%) | 113 (79.6%) | 64 (42.7%) | (41.63) | <.001 |
| Partner behaviors | |||||
| TV hours per day | 2.86 ± 1.41 | 3.57 ± 1.51 | 2.45 ± 1.18 | 1.11 | <.001 |
| % Kcal from fat (NCI) | 32.4 ± 3.7 | 33.5 ± 3.6 | 31.8 ± 3.58 | 1.65 | .002 |
| Consuming sweet beverages (Yes) | 152 (75.6%) | 66 (89.2%) | 86 (67.7%) | (11.69) | .001 |
| Parent feeding practices | |||||
| Control (C) | 3.87 ± 0.54 | 3.84 ± 0.56 | 3.90 ± 0.53 | 0.05 | .404 |
| Emotional (EM) | 1.65 ± 0.63 | 1.68 ± 0.71 | 1.62 ± 0.54 | 0.06 | .421 |
| Encouragement (EN) | 3.93 ± 0.56 | 3.83 ± 0.63 | 4.03 ± 0.47 | 0.20 | .003 |
| Instrumental (I) | 1.71 ± 0.60 | 1.75 ± 0.64 | 1.68 ± 0.56 | 0.07 | .302 |
| Toddler behaviors | |||||
| TV hours per weekday >2 hr | 214 (75.4%) | 86 (63.7%) | 128 (85.9%) | (18.80) | <.001 |
| TV hours per weekend >2 hr | 208 (72.7%) | 78 (57.4%) | 130 (86.7%) | (30.90) | <.001 |
| Hours playing outside on weekday | 2.48 ± 1.60 | 2.72 ± 1.83 | 2.26 ± 1.30 | 0.46 | .015 |
| Hours playing outside on weekend | 2.97 ± 1.52 | 3.08 ± 1.77 | 2.87 ± 1.24 | 0.21 | .243 |
| Average energy | 1237.4 ± 317.4 | 1271.5 ± 360.6 | 1207.2 ± 271.7 | 64.29 | .136 |
| % energy from fat | 31.43 ± 6.41 | 32.17 ± 6.38 | 30.77 ± 6.38 | 1.40 | .101 |
| Average servings of sweetened drinks | 0.32 ± 0.57 | 0.51 ± 0.70 | 0.16 ± 0.35 | 0.12 | <.001 |
| Average added sugars (g) | 35.0 ± 24.4 | 38.9 ± 30.0 | 31.6 ± 17.5 | 7.32 | .029 |
| Toddler eating characteristics | |||||
| Food responsiveness (FR) | 2.30 ± 0.78 | 2.46 ± 0.94 | 2.15 ± 0.56 | 0.31 | .001 |
| Enjoyment of food (EF) | 3.76 ± 0.74 | 3.79 ± 0.82 | 3.73 ± 0.66 | 0.06 | .488 |
| Desire to drink (DD) | 3.40 ± 1.02 | 3.65 ± 1.01 | 3.16 ± 0.97 | 0.49 | <.001 |
| Satiety responsiveness/slowness in eating (SR) | 2.97 ± 0.50 | 2.87 ± 0.54 | 3.08 ± 0.44 | 0.21 | <.001 |
Bold text indicates p < .05.