FIG 4.

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling reveals that the monoterpene carvacrol induces the UPR in C. albicans. GO analysis of transcripts differentially regulated in C. albicans cells treated with carvacrol for 5 min (A) or 30 min (B) using BiNGO software (26). Results were charted using Cytoscape (25) and the Enrichment Map plug-in (52). (C) Heat map and two-dimensional hierarchical clustering of the transcriptional profiles of carvacrol- and thymol-treated cells. Upregulated and downregulated genes are indicated by red and green, respectively. Molecular structures of carvacrol and thymol are shown to emphasize the unique difference, which is the position of the hydroxyl group.