Table 2.
Logistic Regression Odds Ratios Predicting a Birth by Young Adulthood (N=1042)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic indicators | ||||||||
| Female | 2.34*** | 2.34*** | 3.05*** | 2.80*** | 2.90*** | 2.90*** | 1.95*** | 2.80*** |
| Race-ethnicity | ||||||||
| (White) | ||||||||
| Black | 3.19*** | 1.62* | 2.31*** | 2.89*** | 2.60*** | 2.66*** | 2.57*** | 1.24 |
| Hispanic | 4.48*** | 2.63*** | 3.52*** | 4.04*** | 3.85*** | 4.17*** | 4.02*** | 2.36** |
| Age | 1.33*** | 1.38** | 1.36*** | 1.28*** | 1.41*** | 1.22*** | 1.35*** | 1.42*** |
| Socioeconomic & family characteristics (W1) | ||||||||
| Mother’s education (W1) | ||||||||
| (High school) | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 1.42 | 1.36 | ||||||
| Some college | .87 | .89 | ||||||
| College or more | .33** | .39** | ||||||
| Family structure (W1) | ||||||||
| (Two-biological parents) | ||||||||
| Step-parent | 2.00** | 1.84* | ||||||
| Single-parent | 1.42 | 1.24 | ||||||
| Other family | 2.89*** | 2.49** | ||||||
| Mother had a teen birth (W1) | 1.34 | 1.10 | ||||||
| Neighborhood disorganization (W1) | 1.09*** | 1.08*** | ||||||
| Psychosocial, religious, & academic indicators (W1) | ||||||||
| Self-esteem scale | 1.10 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Self-efficacy scale | 1.23 | 1.25 | ||||||
| Religiosity | .94 | 1.16 | ||||||
| Self-reported grades | .74*** | .86** | ||||||
| Sexual knowledge & attitudes (W1) | ||||||||
| Sex education | 1.03 | .98 | ||||||
| Devastated if got pregnant | .67^ | .83 | ||||||
| Conservative sexual attitudes scale | .77* | 1.25 | ||||||
| Contraceptive efficacy | ||||||||
| (Sure could have birth control) | ||||||||
| Not sure could have birth control | .80 | .71 | ||||||
| Would not use birth control or have | .67^ | .81 | ||||||
| Sex & dating behaviors | ||||||||
| Early sex | 2.91*** | 2.09*** | ||||||
| Dating orientation (W1) | 1.27 | 1.06 | ||||||
| Number of people dated in past year (W1) | 1.08** | 1.07** | ||||||
| Peer sexual indicators (W1) | ||||||||
| Peers’ sexual conservatism | .79* | .83 | ||||||
| Peers’ sexual behavior | 1.93** | 1.22 | ||||||
| Parent indicators (W1) | ||||||||
| Maternal conservative dating attitude | 1.35* | 1.08 | ||||||
| Maternal report of communication about sex | 1.73** | 1.47^ | ||||||
| Adolescent report of communication about sex | 1.11 | 1.03 | ||||||
| Adolescent report of parental dating disagreement | 1.18* | 1.13^ | ||||||
| Range of Pseudo R2 | .11 | .19–.20 | .16 | .13 | .17–.18 | .13–.14 | .14 | .26–.27 |
^
p≤.1;
*
p≤.05;
**
p≤.01;
***
p≤.001
Source: Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study
Note: Reference category in parentheses. W1 denotes indicator measured at Wave 1