IL-13 up-regulates a membrane-bound form of IL-31RA. Macrophages from wild-type and IL-4Rα KO mice were treated with media or IL-13 for 24 h, stained using anti-mouse IL-31RA antibody, and analyzed by flow cytometry. A, a shaded histogram plot indicates the unstained isotype control, and an open histogram indicates wild-type cells stained with anti-mouse IL-31RA antibody. B, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IL-31RA expression in wild-type and IL-4Rα KO macrophages. Data are representative of three independent experiments and are expressed as mean ± S.E. *, p < 0.05. C, immunofluorescence of peritoneal macrophages for IL-31RA expression. Macrophages were plated on polylysine-coated coverslips overnight and stimulated with IL-13 for 12 and 24 h. Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with mouse anti-IL-31RA antibody. Nucleus, blue; IL-31RA, red. Scale bar: 100 μm. D, immunofluorescence of peritoneal macrophages for IL-31RA expression stimulated with IL-4 for 24 h, using anti-mouse IL-31RA antibody along with a co-localization membrane lipid-raft marker, cholera toxin subunit B. Nucleus, blue; IL-31RA, green; cholera toxin, red. Scale bar: 50 μm.