. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Jun 1;69(0 1):S128–S139. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000627

Table 2.

Randomized Trial Results of First-Generation Women-Focused HIV Prevention Interventions for Women Who Use Alcohol and Other Drugs

			Intervention Characteristics
Gen	Study	Population/Setting	Aim	Description	Comparison Condition	Findings
1^st	Schilling et al., 1991⁵⁴	New York, USA black and Hispanic women; n=91	To compare intervention effects on AIDS knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, and drug use	AIDS education and skills building; five 2-hour sessions; information on AIDS transmission and prevention; visual and didactic exercises; condom use with models; assertiveness training; role-play	Information only control arm; one session of AIDS information routinely provided by the clinic	Increase in frequency of safer sex discussion in the intervention arm compared with control More frequent condom use in the intervention arm compared with control A significantly greater percentage of participants in the intervention arm reduced their sexual risk behavior compared with control
1^st	Nyamathi et al., 1993⁴⁰	California, USA; African American and Latina women; n=858	To compare intervention effects on cognitive, behavioral, and psychological factors in relation to HIV risk	Culturally specific; 2-hour program of AIDS education and HIV antibody counseling; individualized to group’s concerns; risk reducing behaviors; needle and syringe disinfection; enhancing self-esteem and control; video shown on risk behaviors associated with HIV	Traditional intervention; 1-hour small group format; video on risk behaviors, testing, and bleach kits	Pre-post improvements on most outcomes were reported by participants in both arms Overall participants in the control arm reported greater improvements on most outcomes than participants in the intervention arm
1^st	Kelly et al., 1994⁵⁵	Wisconsin, USA; high-risk women 18–40; n=197	To compare intervention effects on use of condoms and knowledge of HIV/STD risk	HIV/AIDS risk reduction intervention; 4-weekly 90-minute sessions; sessions on HIV risk and misconceptions; reducing risk, role-play discussion of condom use; condom demonstration; high-risk behavior triggers; peer support	Three 90-minute group sessions on topics unrelated to AIDS but relevant to low-income women; nutrition; meal preparation	Decrease in the frequency of unprotected sex in the intervention arm compared with control Higher increase in condom use in the intervention arm compared with control Greater increase in sexual negotiation and assertive communication skills in the intervention arm compared with control
1^st	Harris et al., 1998⁵⁶	Eastern USA; Methadone-dependent African American women; n=204	To compare intervention effects on high-risk behavior, self-esteem, and depressive affect	16-week peer counseling and leadership training (PCLT); usual methadone maintenance activities; based on increasing self-esteem and control; sex and sexuality; implications for drug use and sexual behavior; concerns about AIDS; importance of disclosure	Usual methadone maintenance clinic activities; pre- and posttest only	Safer sex was significantly higher than in the control Participants in the intervention arm reported less depression following the training sessions compared with control