FIG 3.

Inhibition of LMP1-induced sumoylation increases lytic viral replication following irradiation. (A) EBV-expressing 293 cells were transfected with Ubc9 C93S, Ubc9 s9RNA, or control expression vectors. At 24 h posttransfection, cells were treated with SUMO inhibitors (25 μM anacardic acid and 25 μM ginkgolic acid). Whole-cell lysates were collected at 48 h posttransfection. Western blot analyses were performed for SUMO-1, Ubc9, and GAPDH (loading control). (B) EBV WT-expressing 293 cells were treated with a vehicle control and transfected with scrambled siRNA and an empty expression vector, treated with SUMO inhibitors (25 μM anacardic acid and 25 μM ginkgolic acid), transfected with Ubc9 C93S, or transfected with Ubc9 siRNA. (C and D) EBV WT-transformed LCLs were treated with SUMO inhibitors (25 μM anacardic acid and 25 μM ginkgolic acid) or the vehicle control and induced (C) or noninduced (D). Fold changes in viral loads were determined 24 h after irradiation. All results are shown as means ± standard deviations from experiments performed in triplicate.