FIG 4.

Twenty-day-old C57BL/6 mice were infected s.c. with 10⁴ PFU RRV or mock infected with diluent alone and then either treated daily i.p. with PPS at 3 mg/kg in 100 ml PBS or mock treated with PBS alone (Mock control, mock infected mock treated; PPS alone, mock infected PPS treated; RRV, RRV infected mock treated; RRV+PPS, RRV infected PPS treated). At days 1, 3, and 10 p.i., serum was collected and analyzed for levels of soluble factors using Bio-Plex pro mouse cytokine 23-plex microarray kits (Bio-Rad). PPS treatment (A) altered the kinetics of macrophage M2 cytokine IL-10 and (B) reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors at day 10 p.i. The horizontal line represents the level for the mock control. Each bar represents the mean result ± standard error for 5 to 6 mice. (A) *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest. Asterisks directly on top of bars show comparison to mock control levels. (B) *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey's posttest.