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Intraoperative implant positioning. Left hemilaryngeal cartilage with underlying adductor muscle has been resected, with care taken to avoid intralaryngeal mucosal violation. Implant (black arrow) is secured with tissue-engineered muscle facing inward and outer PCL scaffold adjacent to native right hemilaryngeal cartilage (white solid arrow). PCL scaffold is slightly oversized to overlap cricothyroid membrane above cricoid cartilage (white dotted arrow).
