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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2015 Apr;156(0 1):S2–10. doi: 10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460345.92588.4b

Figure 1. GPCR- and RTK- mediated signaling that leads to sensitization of nociceptors.

Figure 1

Nociceptive sensitization is dependent on PIP2-sensitive GPCRs, RTKs and ion channels that mediate hyperexcitability following nerve injury and inflammation. Activation of GPCRs leads to PKC-mediated enhancement of TRPV1 and Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant Voltage-gated Sodium Channel (NaV) activity. Stimulation of RTKs leads to activation of the PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling cascade.