Table 3. Demographics of included studies.
N/R = Not Reported; N/A = Not Applicable.
| Study | Total (n) | Intervention (n) | Control (n) | % Male (controls) | Average age (controls) +-SD | Average no. of chronic conditions (controls) +-SD | Baseline average ED visits in previous year (controls) | Baseline average Hospital admissions in previous year (controls) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beland 2006a[57]; Beland 2006b[58] | 1309 | 656 | 653 | 28 | 82.3+-7.2 | 5.0+-2.3 | N/R | N/R |
| Bernabei 1998[59] | 199 | 99 | 100 | 29 | 81.3+-7.4 | 4.8+-1.7 | N/R | N/R |
| Bird 2010[60] | COPD: 124; CHF: 89 | COPD: 78; CHF: 67 | COPD: 46; CHF: 22 | COPD: 67; CHF: 63 | COPD: 70+-N/R; CHF: 76+-N/R | N/R | COPD: 4.8+-3.0; CHF: 5.1+-1.8 | COPD: 3.3+-2.1; CHF: 2.8+-1.4 |
| Boult 2008[61]; Leff 2009[62]; Boyd 2010[63]; Boult 2011[64]; Boult 2013 [65] | 904 | 485 | 419 | 45 | 78.1+-N/R | 4.3+-N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Boyd 1996[66] | 54 | 27 | 27 | 30 | 81+-N/R | N/R | 1.1+-N/R | 1.6+-N/R |
| Burns 1995[67]; Burns 2000[68] | 128 | 60 | 68 | 99 | 70.8+-3.7 | 2.0+-1.8 | N/R | N/R |
| Coburn 2012[69] | 1736 | 873 | 863 | 40 | 74.9+-6.5 | 3.8+-2.0 | N/R | N/R |
| Counsell 2007[70]; Counsell 2009[71] | 951 | 474 | 477 | 23 | 71.6+-5.8 | 2.6+-1.5 | 1.2+-2.4 | 0.4+-1.2 |
| Dalby 2000[72] | 142 | 73 | 69 | 23 | 78.1+-5.3 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| De Stampa 2014[73] | 428 | 105 | 323 | 28 | 87.3+-7.3 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Dorr 2008[74] | 3432 | 1144 | 2288 | 35 | 76.2+-7.1 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Enguidanos 2006[75] | 452 | TCM: 113; GCM: 117; POS: 124 | 98 | 36 | N/R (65+) | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Fan 2012[76] | 426 | 209 | 217 | 96 | 65.8+-8.2 | N/R | 2.7+-2.2 | N/R |
| Fitzgerald 1994[77] | 668 | 333 | 335 | 100 | 64.6+-7.7 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Fordyce 1997[78] | 1090 | 326 | 764 | 45 | N/R (65+) | N/R | N/R | 0.24+-0.4 |
| Gagnon 1999[79] | 427 | 212 | 215 | 41 | 81.8+-6.7 | N/R | 0.9+-1.2 | 0.4+-0.7 |
| Gravelle 2007[80] | 7695 (practices) | 62 (practices) | 6960 (practices) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hogg 2009[81]; Gray 2010[82] | 241 | 120 | 121 | 37 | 72.8+-N/R | 2.4+-N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Kruse 2010[83] | 379 | 130 | 249 | 35 | 75.1+-6.8 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Leung 2004[84] | 260 | 130 | 130 | 52 | 75.3+-7.2 | 2.9+-1.5 | 0.3+-0.6 | 0.9+-1.2 |
| Levine 2012[85] | 298 | 156 | 142 | 36 | 80.6+-8.7 | 2.4+-1.5 | N/R | N/R |
| Martin 2004[86] | 93 | 44 | 49 | 65 | 69.1+-20 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Metzelthin 2013[87] | 346 | 153 | 193 | 31 | 76.8+-4.92 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Morishita 1998[88]; Boult 2001[89] | 568 | 294 | 274 | 58 | 78.7+-5.8 | N/R | N/R | 0.8+-1.0 |
| Newcomer 2004[90] | 3079 | 1537 | 1542 | 40 | N/R (65+) | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Ploeg 2010[91] | 719 | 361 | 358 | 46 | 81.3+-4.4 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Rodenas 2008[92] | 152 | 101 | 51 | N/R | N/R (65+) | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Rubenstein 2007[93] | 793 | 380 | 412 | 97 | 74.3+-6.1 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Schraeder 2001[94] | 941 | 530 | 411 | 25 | 75.4+-6.4 | N/R | N/R | 1.6+-0.94 |
| Schraeder 2008[95] | 677 | 400 | 277 | 40 | 76.4+-7.9 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Shannon 2006[96]; Alkema 2007[97] | 781 | 377 | 404 | 34 | 83.7+-7.36 | N/R | 0.51+-1.06 | N/R |
| Sledge2006[98] | 96 | 47 | 49 | 41 | 49+-N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Stuck 2000[99] | 791 | 264 | 527 | 29 | 81.5+-4.5 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Sylvia 2008[100]; Boyd 2008[101] | 127 | 62 | 65 | 54 | 75.8+-N/R | 2.9+-N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Toseland 1996[102]; Toseland 1997[103]; Engelhardt 1996[104]; Engelhardt 2006 [105] | 160 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 72.6+-5.75 | 2.6+-1.3 | N/R | N/R |
| van Hout 2010[106] | 651 | 331 | 320 | 31 | 81.5+-4.3 | 2.0+-1.4 | N/R | 1.6+-3.8 |