Table 2.
Zinc, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide after zinc supplementation
| Variable | RR (n=23) | RW/WW (n=32) |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting serum zinc, μmol/l | 13.2 (12.6, 14.5) | 13.5 (11.9, 15.0) |
| Insulin AUC5min, pmol/l × min | 1,309.83 (945.21, 2,200.18) | 1,263.99 (741.73, 1,895.99) |
| Relative change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.07); p=0.26 | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31); p=0.04 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 1.26 (1.02, 1.56); p=0.036 |
| Insulin AUC10min, pmol/l × min | 3,173.87 (2,277.27, 4,864.28) | 3,273.87 (2,029.33, 4,123.94) |
| Relative change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.09); p=0.67 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.24); p=0.01 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38); p=0.058 |
| Proinsulin:insulin5min | 0.24 (0.20, 0.29) | 0.27 (0.20, 0.37) |
| Relative change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.19); p=0.17 | 0.91 (0.84, 1.00); p=0.056 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 0.85 (0.74, 0.98); p=0.03 |
| Proinsulin:insulin10min | 0.38 (0.33, 0.45) | 0.44 (0.32, 0.63) |
| Relative change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.11); p=0.98 | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94); p=0.002 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 0.85 (0.72, 1.00); p=0.048 |
| C-peptide5min, nmol/l | 1.242 (1.042, 1.782) | 1.342 (0.859, 1.895) |
| Relative change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06); p=0.49 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11); p=0.42 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21); p=0.32 |
| C-peptide10min, nmol/l | 1.895 (0.909, 1.515) | 1.119 (0.816, 1.472) |
| Relative change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.15); p=0.82 | 1.02 (0.91, 1.13); p=0.75 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20); p=0.97 |
| C-peptide:insulin5min, nmol/pmol | 0.057 (0.047, 0.072) | 0.062 (0.051, 0.073) |
| Change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.16); p=0.15 | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99); p=0.018 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 0.86 (0.77, 0.97); p=0.015 |
| C-peptide :insulin10min, nmol/pmol | 0.078 (0.06, 0.11) | 0.090 (0.074, 0.12) |
| Change from baseline, ratio (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.14); p=0.90 | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01); p=0.07 |
| Relative change vs RR, ratio (95% CI) | Reference | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08); p=0.23 |
Median (p25, p75) zinc, insulin AUC, proinsulin:insulin, C-peptide and C-peptide:insulin shown Relative change in insulin AUC, proinsulin:insulin adjusted for age, BMI and fasting ln HOMA-IR Relative change in C-peptide and C-peptide:insulin adjusted for age, BMI, fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide