Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Variable | Mean or Count | S.D. or Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| N (men/women) | 278 (149/129) | 53.6 vs. 46.4 (%) |
| Age (year) | 62.40 | 9.77 |
| Metabolic syndrome (with/without) | 164/86 | 65.6/34.4 (%) |
| Weight (kg) | 66.92 | 12.63 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.48 | 4.19 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.06 | 10.90 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.65 | 15.82 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.82 | 9.65 |
| Smoking status* | 182/30/12/21 | 74.3/12.2/4.9/8.6 (%) |
| Alcohol use** | 209/23/5/8 | 85/9.4/2.0/3.3 (%) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 131.91 | 37.04 |
| Post-meal glucose (mg/dL) | 175.42 | 56.21 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.34 | 1.04 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.52 | 37.42 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 134.91 | 106.15 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46.25 | 13.04 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 93.09 | 29.01 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 72.08 | 18.40 |
| Sulphonylureas/glinides | 211 | 75.9 (%) |
| Metformin | 235 | 85.9 (%) |
| Insulin | 51 | 18.3 (%) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 80 | 28.8 (%) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 76 | 27.3 (%) |
| Beta-adrenergic blockers | 33 | 11.8 (%) |
| Diuretics | 15 | 5.4 (%) |
| ARB/ ACE inhibitors | 150 | 54.0 (%) |
| Statins | 115 | 41.4 (%) |
| Fibtrates | 11 | 4.0 (%) |
| SI QTc (ms) | 8.22 | 2.21 |
| QTc dispersion (ms) | 80.55 | 15.16 |
*Smoking status was classified as “never smokers”, “ex-smokers”, “current smokers with less than 10 cigarettes daily”, and “current smokers with more than 10 cigarettes daily” and are coded as ordinal variables.
**Alcohol use was classified as “less than 2–3 times annually”, “2–3 times monthly” “2–3times weekly”, and “more than 3 times weekly” using questionnaires and are coded as ordinal variables.
SI-QTc, smoothness index of QTc; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ARB: angiogtensin II receptor blocker; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme