Table 1. Baseline characteristics in study participants.
| Variables | Non-diabetic patients without hypertension | Non-diabetic patients with hypertension | Diabetic patients |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 432 | n = 565 | n = 222 | |
| Age(years) | 35.9±14.9 | 44.7±15.9 * | 57.7±11.6 * † |
| Men/Women | 238/194 | 346/219 | 139/83 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 69(16) | 120(21.2) * | 50(22.5) * |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 27(6.3) | 61(10.8) * | 28(12.6) * |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 22.1±3.4 | 23.1±3.5 * | 24.4±3.2 * † |
| 24-h SBP (mmHg) | 115.2.2±8.2 | 144.1±13.2 * | 144.6±17.7 * |
| 24-h DBP (mmHg) | 70.1±5.4 | 86.1±8.9 * | 80.5±8.1 * † |
| Daytime SBP load (%) | 10.5(5.2–16.1) | 58.8(35.2–84.6) * | 67.2(35.0–88.3) * † |
| Daytime DBP load (%) | 7.5(3.2–12.5) | 36.7(18.4–63.6) * | 10.4(18.4–36.4) * † |
| Nighttime SBP load (%) | 13.3(5.6–33.3) | 88.9(66.7–100.0) * | 94.4(75.0–100.0) * † |
| Nighttime DBP load (%) | 22.2(6.2–47.1) | 87.6(71.7–94.6) * | 77.8(52.9–94.1) * † |
| Proteinuria (g/24 h) | 0.86(0.30–3.20) | 1.4(0.6–3.0) * | 1.9 (0.7–4.1) * † |
| Hemoglobin (G/L) | 126.2±23.9 | 108.1±31.3 * | 102.4±24.6 * † |
| Albumin (G/L) | 33.4±9.6 | 34.0±8.1 | 34.9±6.2 |
| Fasting Glucose(mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.9±1.0 * | 6.9±3.2 * † |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.2±3.1 | 5.8±2.9 * | 5.1±1.8 * † |
| Triglyceride(mmol/L) | 1.5(1.0–2.3) | 1.7(1.1–2.7) | 1.5(1.1–2.4) |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 4.1±2.5 | 3.7±2.2 * | 3.2±1.4 * † |
| Ca(mg/dl) | 8.6±0.9 | 8.5±1.0 * | 8.7±0.8 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.3±0.2 | 1.5±0.6 * | 1.5±0.5 * |
| PTH | 40.5(28.2–71.3) | 87.2(43.3–275.2) * | 112.2(41.6–243.2) * † |
| Serum creatinine (umol/l) | 90.0(67.0–151.7) | 288.8(113.8–692.0) * | 309.8(137.0–595.3) * † |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2) | 86.8(37.5–120.1) | 19.6(6.2–60.2) * | 17.0(6.6–49.3) * † |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 85.2±21.5 | 114.8±35.8 * | 120.8±33.6 * |
| cIMT(mm) | 0.61±0.19 | 0.71±0.25 * | 0.94±0.41 * † |
(BMI: body mass index; cIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure); [calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [calcium] + (4.0-[serum albumin (mg/dl)]) × 0.8.
* indicates control with Non-diabetic patients without hypertension, p<0.05.
† indicates control with Non-diabetic patients with hypertension group, p<0.05.