Table 3.

Adjusted¹ Odds Ratios of Hearing Impairment by Demographic and Other Factors

	Hearing Impairment		Bilateral Hearing Impairment
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Education
No High school diploma or GED	1.0		1.0
At least High school diploma or GED	0.71	0.61, 0.83	0.64	0.53, 0.77
Income
Less than $10,000	1.0		1.0
$10,001 – $20,000	0.88	0.70, 1.10	0.67	0.52, 0.87
$20,001 – $40,000	0.77	0.60, 1.00	0.55	0.42, 0.74
$40,001 – $75,000	0.53	0.40, 0.70	0.50	0.36, 0.69
More than $75,000	0.56	0.29, 0.73	0.29	0.16, 0.54
Diabetes
No diabetes	1.0		1.0
Pre-diabetes	1.14	0.95, 1.36	1.20	0.93, 1.56
Diabetes	1.50	1.24, 1.82	1.58	1.21, 2.08
Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)
Normal/Underweight (0–24.9)	1.0		1.0
Overweight (25–29.9)	0.98	0.81, 1.18	1.01	0.80, 1.28
Obese (30+)	1.23	1.03, 1.48	1.28	1.00, 1.63
Smoking Status
Never	1.0		1.0
Former	1.09	0.93, 1.28	1.14	0.93, 1.41
Current	1.26	1.06, 1.50	1.33	1.06, 1.67
Alcohol Drinking Status
Never	1.0		1.0
Former	1.14	0.93, 1.39	1.17	0.89, 1.53
Current	0.87	0.72, 1.05	0.97	0.74, 1.26
History of CVD, Stroke, TIA
No	1.0		1.0
Yes	1.32	1.07, 1.62	1.06	0.84, 1.33
Hypertension
No	1.0		1.0
Yes	1.07	0.91, 1.26	1.08	0.89, 1.32
Longest Held Job Categories
Professional/Managerial	1.0		1.0
Service	1.30	1.04, 1.61	1.34	0.96, 1.86
Production/Manufacturing/Labor	1.18	0.96, 1.44	1.32	0.98, 1.78
History of Noise Exposure2
No	1.0		1.0
Yes	1.39	1.16, 1.66	1.31	1.05, 1.64
Occupational Noise Exposure
Never	1.0		1.0
Former	1.38	1.18, 1.60	1.41	1.16, 1.72
Current	1.16	0.95, 1.41	1.09	0.83, 1.45

¹Adjusted for age, gender, center and Hispanic/Latino background.

²Defined as use of firearms, military service or exposure to loud noises during leisure time.