31 |
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) 10% |
20 |
24 |
5 |
0.85 |
17 |
Ag ion responsible for change in gene expression in a range of stress responses including oxidative stress, endoplasmic stress response, and apoptosis |
113 |
24 |
25 |
1.5 |
6 |
6 |
RPMI 1640/FCS 10% |
30 |
48 |
33 |
3.6 |
∼11 |
Toxicity not due to Ag ions characterized by reduction in cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase release |
32 |
Perchlorate buffer w/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine pulmonary surfactant |
14 |
72 |
25 |
>1.5 |
6 |
No toxicity studies performed |
25 |
L-15 w/alignic acid |
20 |
24 |
5 |
0.5 |
10 |
Ag ions induced oxidative stress effects. Nanoplates more toxic compared to spheres due to high surface reactivity |
Holtfereter w/alignic acid |
0.07 |
1.4 |
33 |
Hoagland |
20 |
24 |
0.6 |
0.066 |
11 |
No toxicity studies performed |
34 |
Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium |
20 |
24 |
12.5 |
0.53 |
∼4 |
Cellular toxicity and oxidative stress due to Ag ions |
110 |
0.31 |
∼2.50 |
35 |
KNO3 w/bovine serum albumin |
30 |
24 |
5 |
0.5 |
10 |
Hemolytic toxicity caused by Ag complexes like AgCl rather than free Ag ions |
36 |
Not reported |
∼20 |
24 |
25 |
1.44 |
5.76 |
No hepatoxicity or immunotoxicity in rats by biochemical markers and antibody levels in blood, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release, and natural killer-cell activity |
37 |
DMEM |
10 |
24 |
10 |
2.36 |
23.6 |
Cell viability evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase assay and attributed to intracellular drug release |