Table 1.
Characteristics at baseline of participants grouped by study and intervention assignment
| Baseline characteristic | Look AHEAD, N (%) or Mean (SD) | ACCORD, N (%) or Mean (SD) | Chi-squared or analysis of variance, P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSE, N = 248 | ILI, N = 232 | CBP, N = 1129 | ||
| Females | 136 (54.8%) | 127 (54.7%) | 533 (47.2%) | 0.02 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 19 (7.8%) | 19 (8.3%) | 162 (14.6%) | <0.001 |
| High school or GED | 48 (19.8%) | 33 (14.5%) | 326 (28.9%) | |
| Post high school | 84 (34.7%) | 77 (33.8%) | 375 (33.2%) | |
| College graduate | 91 (37.6%) | 99 (43.2%) | 265 (23.5%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| African-American | 46 (18.6%) | 38 (16.4%) | 275 (24.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 21 (8.5%) | 30 (12.9%) | 67 (6.0%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 174 (70.2%) | 148 (63.8%) | 690 (62.3%) | |
| Other/multiple | 7 (2.8%) | 16 (6.9%) | 75 (6.7%) | |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| None | 168 (67.7%) | 161 (69.7%) | 869 (77.0%) | <0.001 |
| 1–7/week | 69 (27.8%) | 55 (23.8%) | 231 (20.5%) | |
| >7/week | 11 (4.4%) | 15 (6.5%) | 28 (2.5%) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 127 (51.4%) | 99 (42.7%) | 511 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Past | 111 (44.9%) | 118 (50.9%) | 489 (43.4%) | |
| Current | 9 (3.6%) | 15 (6.5%) | 128 (11.4%) | |
| Insulin users | 62 (25.0%) | 73 (31.5%) | 416 (36.8%) | 0.001 |
| History of CVD | 51 (20.6%) | 47 (20.3%) | 356 (32.3%) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication classes | ||||
| 0 | 45 (18.2) | 60 (25.9) | 94 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| ≥1 | 91 (36.7) | 68 (29.3) | 284 (25.2) | |
| ≥2 | 112 (45.2) | 104 (44.8) | 751 (66.5) | |
| Age, years | 61.4 (5.2) | 61.4 (4.8) | 62.2 (6.9) | 0.09 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 35.1 (4.3) | 35.0 (4.6) | 33.1 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||
| 130–139mm Hg | 111 (44.8) | 96 (41.4) | 523 (46.3) | 0.62 |
| 140–149mm Hg | 89 (35.9) | 86 (37.1) | 372 (33.0) | |
| 150–159mm Hg | 48 (19.4) | 50 (21.6) | 234 (20.7) | |
| Diabetes duration, years | 9.2 (7.2) | 9.0 (6.7) | 10.9 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.40 (0.79) | 8.36 (0.81) | 8.21 (0.98) | 0.006 |
Abbreviation: GED, Completion of the General Educational Development test.